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<p>This study explores the influence of ageing temperature and the inclusion of hard (Titanium Nitride - TiN) and soft (hexagonal Boron Nitride-hBN) reinforcements, both individually and in combination, on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of AZ91D magnesium alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The materials were fabricated using a stir-squeeze casting technique combined with ultrasonic treatment, which produced the AZ91D base alloy (AZ), single-reinforced composites [AZ91D+5%TiN (AZT), AZ91D+5%hBN (AZH)], and hybrid composites [AZ91D+5%TiN+5%hBN (AZTH), AZ91D+10%TiN+5%hBN (AZTTH)]. These materials were artificially aged at 170–260&#xa0;°C (in steps of 30&#xa0;°C). Microstructural analysis with Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a uniform distribution of reinforcements and marked grain refinement. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of reinforcement particles and intermetallic phases. Hardness testing showed improvements of 9.6%, 2.5%, 5.8%, and 14.2% in AZT, AZH, AZTH, and AZTTH, respectively, compared to AZ. Electrochemical tests indicated that AZTTH aged at 200&#xa0;°C had the best corrosion resistance. It had a corrosion potential (E<sub>corr</sub>) of − 1.372&#xa0;V, a corrosion current (I<sub>corr</sub>) of 1.80 µA/cm², and a corrosion rate of 0.045&#xa0;mm/year. This increase in performance is linked to the synergetic effect of TiN and hBN particles, which create a protective barrier against chloride ions. Additionally, the reprecipitation of β-Mg<sub>17</sub>Al<sub>12</sub> at grain boundaries provides cathodic protection. SEM analysis of corroded samples showed crevice corrosion across all materials. Meanwhile, 3D surface profiling revealed detailed patterns of surface degradation, illustrating the corrosion topography clearly.</p>

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Synergistic impact of TiN/hBN particles and artificial ageing on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of AZ91D magnesium composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • A. Gnanavelbabu,
  • M. Prahadeeswaran,
  • E. Vinothkumar

摘要

This study explores the influence of ageing temperature and the inclusion of hard (Titanium Nitride - TiN) and soft (hexagonal Boron Nitride-hBN) reinforcements, both individually and in combination, on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of AZ91D magnesium alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The materials were fabricated using a stir-squeeze casting technique combined with ultrasonic treatment, which produced the AZ91D base alloy (AZ), single-reinforced composites [AZ91D+5%TiN (AZT), AZ91D+5%hBN (AZH)], and hybrid composites [AZ91D+5%TiN+5%hBN (AZTH), AZ91D+10%TiN+5%hBN (AZTTH)]. These materials were artificially aged at 170–260 °C (in steps of 30 °C). Microstructural analysis with Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a uniform distribution of reinforcements and marked grain refinement. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of reinforcement particles and intermetallic phases. Hardness testing showed improvements of 9.6%, 2.5%, 5.8%, and 14.2% in AZT, AZH, AZTH, and AZTTH, respectively, compared to AZ. Electrochemical tests indicated that AZTTH aged at 200 °C had the best corrosion resistance. It had a corrosion potential (Ecorr) of − 1.372 V, a corrosion current (Icorr) of 1.80 µA/cm², and a corrosion rate of 0.045 mm/year. This increase in performance is linked to the synergetic effect of TiN and hBN particles, which create a protective barrier against chloride ions. Additionally, the reprecipitation of β-Mg17Al12 at grain boundaries provides cathodic protection. SEM analysis of corroded samples showed crevice corrosion across all materials. Meanwhile, 3D surface profiling revealed detailed patterns of surface degradation, illustrating the corrosion topography clearly.