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<p>The growing volume of industrial waste is recognized as a significant environmental challenge. Meanwhile, due to the limited availability of natural resources essential for concrete production, incorporating such waste materials as replacements for natural aggregates offers a promising approach for advancing green concrete technology and promoting long-term environmental sustainability. In this study, the synergistic impact of incorporating ceramic waste (CW) and electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as alternative aggregate materials on the compressive capacity and durability of concrete is assessed. To achieve the research objectives, a total of 243 specimens were manufactured using nine different mix designs. These mixes included CW fine aggregates replacing natural sand at volumetric levels of 0, 10, and 20%, and EAFS coarse aggregates replacing natural gravel at volumetric levels of 0, 50, and 100%. The concrete specimens, after curing and prior to testing, were exposed to different temperature levels (20, 300, and 600&#xa0;°C). The conducted tests included compressive capacity, durability parameters (saturated surface dry density, dry density, porosity, and water absorption) ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and microstructural analysis using SEM and BSEM techniques. In addition, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed on the concrete mixtures to evaluate the environmental impacts both positive and negative of using the aforementioned alternative materials in concrete production. The results indicated that incorporating CW and EAFS aggregates led to improvements in both compressive capacity and durability across all specimens. The highest compressive capacity was observed in the concrete containing the maximum replacement levels (20% CW fine aggregates and 100% EAFS coarse aggregates), showing increases of 26, 29, and 38% at 20, 300, and 600&#xa0;°C, respectively, compared to the corresponding reference concrete (without any replacement). Moreover, this mixture demonstrated the lowest reduction in water absorption and porosity at ambient temperature, with decreases of 23% and 24%, respectively, relative to the control specimen. According to the LCA findings, the concrete mix containing the greatest proportions of CW and EAFS showed the highest overall environmental footprint when benchmarked against the control mix. Additionally, predictive equations were established to evaluate compressive capacity and durability indicators in concrete specimens under various thermal exposures.</p>

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Mechanical and durability features of concrete incorporating ceramic waste and electric arc furnace slag after elevated temperature exposure: life cycle assessment and microstructural analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Seyed-Amirhossein Hosseini-Poul,
  • Mohammadreza Tarkhan,
  • Mahdi Nematzadeh

摘要

The growing volume of industrial waste is recognized as a significant environmental challenge. Meanwhile, due to the limited availability of natural resources essential for concrete production, incorporating such waste materials as replacements for natural aggregates offers a promising approach for advancing green concrete technology and promoting long-term environmental sustainability. In this study, the synergistic impact of incorporating ceramic waste (CW) and electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as alternative aggregate materials on the compressive capacity and durability of concrete is assessed. To achieve the research objectives, a total of 243 specimens were manufactured using nine different mix designs. These mixes included CW fine aggregates replacing natural sand at volumetric levels of 0, 10, and 20%, and EAFS coarse aggregates replacing natural gravel at volumetric levels of 0, 50, and 100%. The concrete specimens, after curing and prior to testing, were exposed to different temperature levels (20, 300, and 600 °C). The conducted tests included compressive capacity, durability parameters (saturated surface dry density, dry density, porosity, and water absorption) ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and microstructural analysis using SEM and BSEM techniques. In addition, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed on the concrete mixtures to evaluate the environmental impacts both positive and negative of using the aforementioned alternative materials in concrete production. The results indicated that incorporating CW and EAFS aggregates led to improvements in both compressive capacity and durability across all specimens. The highest compressive capacity was observed in the concrete containing the maximum replacement levels (20% CW fine aggregates and 100% EAFS coarse aggregates), showing increases of 26, 29, and 38% at 20, 300, and 600 °C, respectively, compared to the corresponding reference concrete (without any replacement). Moreover, this mixture demonstrated the lowest reduction in water absorption and porosity at ambient temperature, with decreases of 23% and 24%, respectively, relative to the control specimen. According to the LCA findings, the concrete mix containing the greatest proportions of CW and EAFS showed the highest overall environmental footprint when benchmarked against the control mix. Additionally, predictive equations were established to evaluate compressive capacity and durability indicators in concrete specimens under various thermal exposures.