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<p>An experimental study was conducted to examine the uniaxial tensile and biaxial bulging behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) to elucidate its strain-hardening characteristics at cryogenic temperature (CT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses were employed to quantitatively correlate the macroscopic deformation properties with microstructural evolution. Furthermore, ASS samples with pre-strains of 5%, 15%, and 25% were prepared at both room temperature (RT) and CT, which was then followed by tensile testing at CT. The results revealed that the yield strength (YS) of ASS increased with increasing pre-strain at CT, exhibiting a reduction in ductility. Notably, the YS of cryogenically pre-strained samples increased by 15.4%, 26.5%, and 33.8%, respectively, compared with those pre-strained at RT. Under biaxial loading, the bulging load of ASS also increased with decreasing temperature. The highest hardness values were consistently observed at the bulge apex and increased with increasing bulge height. Consequently, the enhanced YS primarily increased from martensitic transformation and dislocation strengthening during cryogenic pre-strainings. The findings of this study offered valuable insights for optimizing the lightweight design and improving the operational safety of cryogenic storage tanks.</p>

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Deformation mechanisms of austenitic stainless steel sheets under cryogenic pre-strainings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Yuandong Yin,
  • Wangjun Cheng,
  • Hong Jiang,
  • Haidong Jia

摘要

An experimental study was conducted to examine the uniaxial tensile and biaxial bulging behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) to elucidate its strain-hardening characteristics at cryogenic temperature (CT). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses were employed to quantitatively correlate the macroscopic deformation properties with microstructural evolution. Furthermore, ASS samples with pre-strains of 5%, 15%, and 25% were prepared at both room temperature (RT) and CT, which was then followed by tensile testing at CT. The results revealed that the yield strength (YS) of ASS increased with increasing pre-strain at CT, exhibiting a reduction in ductility. Notably, the YS of cryogenically pre-strained samples increased by 15.4%, 26.5%, and 33.8%, respectively, compared with those pre-strained at RT. Under biaxial loading, the bulging load of ASS also increased with decreasing temperature. The highest hardness values were consistently observed at the bulge apex and increased with increasing bulge height. Consequently, the enhanced YS primarily increased from martensitic transformation and dislocation strengthening during cryogenic pre-strainings. The findings of this study offered valuable insights for optimizing the lightweight design and improving the operational safety of cryogenic storage tanks.