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<p>Viticulture has traditionally flourished in temperate zones, but Brazil’s vast territory enables fine wine production in diverse climates. Ribeirão Preto, in São Paulo state, has a tropical climate with hot, rainy summers and dry winters. A local winery cultivates <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cv. ‘Syrah’ using the double pruning technique, shifting grape production to the dry winter season. This mitigates summer rain impacts, improves grape development, and enhances wine quality. Grapes’ chemical composition, shaped by climate, soil, and viticultural practices, directly influences wine quality. In tropical regions, determining the optimal harvest time is crucial. Metabolomics provides insights into grape metabolic status and quality. This study used untargeted LC-MS to analyze 370 leaf and 187 grape extract samples collected over 2 years, correlating metabolic profiles with climate data via multivariate analysis. Distinct metabolic patterns were identified by sampling month, revealing climate-related impacts on grape metabolism. The main metabolic markers included anthocyanins, amino acids, and polyphenols, compounds associated with grape maturation, stress responses, and wine quality. Notably, rotundone, a sesquiterpene characteristic of ‘Syrah’ and associated with its peppery aroma, was detected for the first time under double pruning conditions in this tropical viticultural system. Together, these findings highlight the potential of untargeted metabolomics to characterize climate-driven metabolic variation and aroma-related markers in tropical viticulture.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Seasonal Metabolic Shifts in ‘Syrah’ Grapevines from an Emerging Tropical Terroir Revealed by LC-MS Metabolomics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Alvaro Luis Lamas Cassago,
  • Mateus Manfrin Artêncio,
  • Guilherme Julião Zocolo,
  • Luísa Tannure,
  • Fernando Batista Da Costa

摘要

Viticulture has traditionally flourished in temperate zones, but Brazil’s vast territory enables fine wine production in diverse climates. Ribeirão Preto, in São Paulo state, has a tropical climate with hot, rainy summers and dry winters. A local winery cultivates Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Syrah’ using the double pruning technique, shifting grape production to the dry winter season. This mitigates summer rain impacts, improves grape development, and enhances wine quality. Grapes’ chemical composition, shaped by climate, soil, and viticultural practices, directly influences wine quality. In tropical regions, determining the optimal harvest time is crucial. Metabolomics provides insights into grape metabolic status and quality. This study used untargeted LC-MS to analyze 370 leaf and 187 grape extract samples collected over 2 years, correlating metabolic profiles with climate data via multivariate analysis. Distinct metabolic patterns were identified by sampling month, revealing climate-related impacts on grape metabolism. The main metabolic markers included anthocyanins, amino acids, and polyphenols, compounds associated with grape maturation, stress responses, and wine quality. Notably, rotundone, a sesquiterpene characteristic of ‘Syrah’ and associated with its peppery aroma, was detected for the first time under double pruning conditions in this tropical viticultural system. Together, these findings highlight the potential of untargeted metabolomics to characterize climate-driven metabolic variation and aroma-related markers in tropical viticulture.

Graphical Abstract