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<p>Propolis represents a rich natural source of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the ethanolic extracts of 14 propolis samples collected across 11 regions in the Mila Province (Algeria), focusing on their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities were systematically investigated. Total phenolic ranged from 96.46 ± 9.16 to 206.08 ± 1.42&#xa0;mg gallic acid equivalents/g, while total flavonoid ranged from 3.45 ± 1.09 to 75.71 ± 4.2&#xa0;mg quercetin equivalents/g. Antioxidant activity varied significantly, with values expressed as mg Trolox equivalents/g for DPPH (7.08–72.70), ABTS (88.26–115.95), FRAP (28.12–434.44), and phenanthroline (21.47–73.24) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated by inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation, ranged from 51.9 to 98.54%. Antibacterial activity showed stronger effects against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>S. aureus</i> 15.33&#xa0;mm; <i>B. cereus</i> 14&#xa0;mm) than Gram-negative bacteria (<i>S. enteritidis</i> 9&#xa0;mm; <i>E. coli</i> 5&#xa0;mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 2.19&#xa0;mg/ml (<i>S. aureus</i>) to 8.75&#xa0;mg/ml (<i>B. cereus</i>), while minimum bactericidal concentration reached 35&#xa0;mg/ml, except for <i>S. aureus</i> (4.38&#xa0;mg/ml). These findings highlight Mila Province propolis as a promising source of bioactive compounds and support further investigations using advanced analytical techniques.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Bioactive Profile of Propolis: Case Study from Northeastern Algeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Nassiba Boulfous,
  • Hakima Belattar,
  • Roberto Ambra,
  • Chawki Bensouici,
  • Azzedine Bounamous,
  • Rifka Nakib

摘要

Propolis represents a rich natural source of bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the ethanolic extracts of 14 propolis samples collected across 11 regions in the Mila Province (Algeria), focusing on their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Furthermore, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities were systematically investigated. Total phenolic ranged from 96.46 ± 9.16 to 206.08 ± 1.42 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, while total flavonoid ranged from 3.45 ± 1.09 to 75.71 ± 4.2 mg quercetin equivalents/g. Antioxidant activity varied significantly, with values expressed as mg Trolox equivalents/g for DPPH (7.08–72.70), ABTS (88.26–115.95), FRAP (28.12–434.44), and phenanthroline (21.47–73.24) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity, evaluated by inhibition of bovine serum albumin denaturation, ranged from 51.9 to 98.54%. Antibacterial activity showed stronger effects against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus 15.33 mm; B. cereus 14 mm) than Gram-negative bacteria (S. enteritidis 9 mm; E. coli 5 mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 2.19 mg/ml (S. aureus) to 8.75 mg/ml (B. cereus), while minimum bactericidal concentration reached 35 mg/ml, except for S. aureus (4.38 mg/ml). These findings highlight Mila Province propolis as a promising source of bioactive compounds and support further investigations using advanced analytical techniques.

Graphical Abstract