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Abstract <p>Phytochemical investigation of the twigs of <i>Garcinia cowa</i> Roxb. ex Choisy, Clusiaceae, collected in Vietnam, led to the isolation of five tetraoxygenated xanthones, including three new compounds, namely norrubraxanthone, garcinone G, and garcinone H, together with two known compounds, α-mangostin and rubraxanthone. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI–MS), and by comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their <i>in vitro</i> α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All isolated compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.39 to 1.62&#xa0;µM, which were significantly stronger than that of the positive control acarbose under the assay conditions employed (IC₅₀ 263.01 ± 10.92&#xa0;µM). Among them, garcinone H and mangostin showed the most pronounced activity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.01&#xa0;µM, respectively.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Tetraoxygenated Xanthones from the Twig Extract of Garcinia cowa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Nguyen Thị Kim An,
  • Nguyen Thanh Tra,
  • Doan Lan Phuong,
  • Luu Van Chinh,
  • Pham Thi Tham,
  • Tran Thi Thu Thuy

摘要

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of the twigs of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, Clusiaceae, collected in Vietnam, led to the isolation of five tetraoxygenated xanthones, including three new compounds, namely norrubraxanthone, garcinone G, and garcinone H, together with two known compounds, α-mangostin and rubraxanthone. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI–MS), and by comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. All isolated compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.39 to 1.62 µM, which were significantly stronger than that of the positive control acarbose under the assay conditions employed (IC₅₀ 263.01 ± 10.92 µM). Among them, garcinone H and mangostin showed the most pronounced activity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.01 µM, respectively.

Graphical Abstract