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<p>This work aimed to chemically characterize volatile oils from <i>Pogostemon cablin</i>&#xa0;(Blanco) Benth., Lamiaceae,&#xa0;<i>Monarda fistulosa</i>&#xa0;L., Lamiaceae, and <i>Cuminum cyminum</i>&#xa0;L., Apiaceae, as well as patchoulol, and evaluate their antibacterial potential against five bacterial strains and the combined effect of the volatile oil of <i>P. cablin</i> or patchoulol with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The composition of the oils was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, while the structural identification of the major component isolated from oil of <i>P. cablin</i> was confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration parameters, and the interactions with β-lactams drugs were determined by checkerboard assay. Analyses identified patchoulol (37.05%), geraniol (92.3%), and cuminaldehyde (51.7%) as the respective dominant constituents of the three oils. All phytochemicals showed bioactivity only against Gram-positive bacteria, among which <i>P. cablin</i> oil and patchoulol were most effective, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 500&#xa0;µg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 125 and 1000&#xa0;µg/ml. Combinations of <i>P. cablin</i>-derived products with oxacillin showed synergy, while its oil with benzylpenicillin was additive. Therefore, <i>P. cablin</i> oil and patchoulol showed significant antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing properties, making them promising alternatives for combating pathogenic bacteria.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of Commercial Volatile Oils and Evaluation of the Combinatorial Effect of Patchouli Oil and Patchoulol with β-Lactams

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues Aguiar,
  • Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante,
  • Felipe Ferreira da Silva,
  • Luziane Teixeira dos Santos,
  • Francisco Flávio da Silva Lopes,
  • José Roberto Viana Silva,
  • Tigressa Helena Soares Rodrigues,
  • Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior,
  • Selene Maia de Morais,
  • Victor Alves Carneiro,
  • Geovany Amorim Gomes

摘要

This work aimed to chemically characterize volatile oils from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., Lamiaceae, Monarda fistulosa L., Lamiaceae, and Cuminum cyminum L., Apiaceae, as well as patchoulol, and evaluate their antibacterial potential against five bacterial strains and the combined effect of the volatile oil of P. cablin or patchoulol with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The composition of the oils was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, while the structural identification of the major component isolated from oil of P. cablin was confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration parameters, and the interactions with β-lactams drugs were determined by checkerboard assay. Analyses identified patchoulol (37.05%), geraniol (92.3%), and cuminaldehyde (51.7%) as the respective dominant constituents of the three oils. All phytochemicals showed bioactivity only against Gram-positive bacteria, among which P. cablin oil and patchoulol were most effective, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 500 µg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 125 and 1000 µg/ml. Combinations of P. cablin-derived products with oxacillin showed synergy, while its oil with benzylpenicillin was additive. Therefore, P. cablin oil and patchoulol showed significant antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing properties, making them promising alternatives for combating pathogenic bacteria.

Graphical Abstract