Technological Prospection and Scientific Evidence of the Antimicrobial Activity of Bixa orellana: An Integrative Review

Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae, is a plant native to tropical America, traditionally used in folk medicine. Its bioactive compounds exhibit therapeutic potential, particularly in terms of antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to conduct an integrative review to explore the current knowledge and technological applications of annatto-derived compounds in the health field, highlighting their antimicrobial potential, particularly in the context of wound healing and associated anti-inflammatory processes, as well as possible innovations based on these properties. An integrative review was conducted using the PICo framework. Searches were performed in eight scientific databases and three patent repositories using structured search strings with descriptors in Portuguese and English. Studies from the last 5 years and relevant patents were included. Eleven scientific articles and 17 patents were selected. The main compounds derived from annatto demonstrated antimicrobial activity against 25 microbial strains. Technological analysis revealed an increase in patent filings related to the therapeutic use of annatto, especially in Brazil, with an emphasis on polymeric films and nanofibers aimed at antimicrobial activity in a wound healing context. The findings highlight B. orellana as a promising source for developing innovative herbal medicines with significant antimicrobial potential. Nonetheless, methodological standardization and further clinical studies are necessary to validate experimental evidence.