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<p>Inflammation is a tightly regulated physiological process essential for host defence; however, its chronic dysregulation contributes to a wide range of non-communicable diseases. Growing concerns regarding the long-term toxicity and limited target specificity of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have intensified interest in plant-derived agents with multi-target actions and improved safety profiles. The genus <i>Pogostemon</i>, Lamiaceae, comprising over 80 species, has a long-standing ethnomedicinal history in the management of inflammation-related disorders in traditional Chinese medicine and across Southeast Asia. Although <i>Pogostemon</i> species have been reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, anti-inflammatory effects represent the most extensively investigated biological property of the genus in preclinical studies. However, the existing evidence remains dispersed across individual species, compounds, and experimental models, and a comprehensive, integrative, genus-wide synthesis of anti-inflammatory findings is currently lacking. Accordingly, this review addresses the research question of whether the accumulated phytochemical and pharmacological evidence supports <i>Pogostemon</i> as a mechanistically substantiated genus for anti-inflammatory drug discovery. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, and Scopus up to December 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. The review integrates data from ethnomedicinal use,<i> in vitro</i> assays, and <i>in vivo</i> experimental models. Among the genus, <i>P. cablin</i> (Blanco) Benth. and its major constituents, particularly patchouli alcohol, pogostone, and pachypodol, are the most extensively studied. Reported mechanisms involve modulation of NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3 inflammasome, COX/LOX, iNOS, TLR4, MyD88, and SIRT1 pathways, leading to reduced cytokine production, suppression of oedema, attenuation of pyroptosis, and regulation of immune-cell infiltration. Despite substantial preclinical evidence, clinical validation remains lacking. This review provides a systematic and critical synthesis of anti-inflammatory evidence to guide future mechanistic and translational research.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Therapeutic Potential of Pogostemon in Inflammatory Disorders: A Detailed Review of Phytochemicals and Mechanistic Pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Lunasmrita Saikia,
  • Gobinda Karmakar,
  • Happiness Mukhim,
  • Sanjibul Hoque,
  • Prastuti Sahariah,
  • Albert Bharali,
  • Dhrubajyoti Gogoi,
  • Partha Pratim Dutta

摘要

Inflammation is a tightly regulated physiological process essential for host defence; however, its chronic dysregulation contributes to a wide range of non-communicable diseases. Growing concerns regarding the long-term toxicity and limited target specificity of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs have intensified interest in plant-derived agents with multi-target actions and improved safety profiles. The genus Pogostemon, Lamiaceae, comprising over 80 species, has a long-standing ethnomedicinal history in the management of inflammation-related disorders in traditional Chinese medicine and across Southeast Asia. Although Pogostemon species have been reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, anti-inflammatory effects represent the most extensively investigated biological property of the genus in preclinical studies. However, the existing evidence remains dispersed across individual species, compounds, and experimental models, and a comprehensive, integrative, genus-wide synthesis of anti-inflammatory findings is currently lacking. Accordingly, this review addresses the research question of whether the accumulated phytochemical and pharmacological evidence supports Pogostemon as a mechanistically substantiated genus for anti-inflammatory drug discovery. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, and Scopus up to December 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. The review integrates data from ethnomedicinal use, in vitro assays, and in vivo experimental models. Among the genus, P. cablin (Blanco) Benth. and its major constituents, particularly patchouli alcohol, pogostone, and pachypodol, are the most extensively studied. Reported mechanisms involve modulation of NF-κB, MAPK, NLRP3 inflammasome, COX/LOX, iNOS, TLR4, MyD88, and SIRT1 pathways, leading to reduced cytokine production, suppression of oedema, attenuation of pyroptosis, and regulation of immune-cell infiltration. Despite substantial preclinical evidence, clinical validation remains lacking. This review provides a systematic and critical synthesis of anti-inflammatory evidence to guide future mechanistic and translational research.

Graphical Abstract