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<p><i>Baccharis trimera</i> (Less.) DC. or “carqueja-amarga,” Asteraceae, is a Brazilian native medicinal herb used in folk medicine for digestive, lipid-lowering, and anti-obesity properties. As the precise mechanisms by which this plant affects hypercholesterolemia in CNS cells remain unclear, this study aimed to analyze the effects of an aqueous extract of <i>B. trimera</i> on alterations induced by high concentrations of human LDL-cholesterol in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 and murine microglial BV2 cell lines. Dried winged stems were decocted to obtain the extract, resulting in a total caffeic acid content of 5.2%, expressed as chlorogenic acid, which was determined by HPLC–DAD. Both cell lines were exposed to LDL (300&#xa0;μg/ml), treated with the extract (1 and 10&#xa0;μg/ml) for 24&#xa0;h, and then evaluated for cell viability and proliferation, mitochondrial function, lipid droplet formation, and lysosomal content. The extract prevented the loss of mitochondrial function and diminished lipid droplet accumulation in HT22 cells (1&#xa0;μg/ml), whereas in microglial BV2 cells, <i>B. trimera</i> attenuated the increase in lysosomal deposits induced by LDL (10&#xa0;μg/ml). These results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of <i>B. trimera</i> may restore neuronal lipid homeostasis and microglial lipophagy, suggesting that caffeoylquinic acids are its bioactive compounds.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Baccharis trimera Aqueous Extract Protects Neuronal Mitochondrial Function and Reduces Microglial Lysosome Accumulation Induced by LDL Cholesterol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月5日

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  • Letícia de Oliveira Carvalho,
  • Hémelin Resende Farias,
  • Sámili Wagner da Silva,
  • Jéssica Marques Obelar,
  • Caroline Tainá Griesang,
  • Mariana Koetz,
  • Jade de Oliveira,
  • Eduardo Luis Konrath

摘要

Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. or “carqueja-amarga,” Asteraceae, is a Brazilian native medicinal herb used in folk medicine for digestive, lipid-lowering, and anti-obesity properties. As the precise mechanisms by which this plant affects hypercholesterolemia in CNS cells remain unclear, this study aimed to analyze the effects of an aqueous extract of B. trimera on alterations induced by high concentrations of human LDL-cholesterol in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 and murine microglial BV2 cell lines. Dried winged stems were decocted to obtain the extract, resulting in a total caffeic acid content of 5.2%, expressed as chlorogenic acid, which was determined by HPLC–DAD. Both cell lines were exposed to LDL (300 μg/ml), treated with the extract (1 and 10 μg/ml) for 24 h, and then evaluated for cell viability and proliferation, mitochondrial function, lipid droplet formation, and lysosomal content. The extract prevented the loss of mitochondrial function and diminished lipid droplet accumulation in HT22 cells (1 μg/ml), whereas in microglial BV2 cells, B. trimera attenuated the increase in lysosomal deposits induced by LDL (10 μg/ml). These results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of B. trimera may restore neuronal lipid homeostasis and microglial lipophagy, suggesting that caffeoylquinic acids are its bioactive compounds.

Graphical Abstract