Chebulagic Acid Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Regulation of Insulin Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Examining the contribution of chebulagic acid in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy was the main goal of this investigation. Wistar male rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks before receiving a 35 mg/kg intraperitoneal dosage of streptozotocin. For 30 days, diabetic rats were fed metformin and chebulagic acid (50 mg/kg b.w./day each). Blood and kidney samples were also taken following the study for biochemical and histological analyses. Chebulagic acid was administered orally to diabetic rats, considerably lowering blood sugar, serum creatinine, urea, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels while simultaneously increasing plasma insulin. In addition, diabetic rats had elevated levels of renal pro-inflammatory cytokines with concurrently increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. They also had lower lipid peroxidation product and increased renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant enzyme status. Moreover, chebulagic acid therapy increased the amounts of mRNA for the insulin signaling components glucose transporter 4 and Akt in the gastrocnemius muscles of diabetic rats as well as insulin receptor, insulin receptorsubstrate-1, and Akt. According to these findings, chebulagic acid had anti-diabetic nephropathy actions that were attenuated.