Significance of Phytoconstituents in Modulating Cell Signalling Pathways for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most prevalent cancer globally, with early detection being difficult due to smoking. It is one of the deadliest tumours, and researchers are working to find effective treatments. Plant-derived medications like docefrez, taxol, camptosar, minnelide, and triptolide are used to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but they are toxic and to a lesser extent unsuccessful. The objective of this review is to emphasise the importance of diverse phytoconstituents, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, and others, in the management of this type of cancer and elucidate their impact on cancer activity through the modulation of numerous signalling pathways. Information has been collected from various research databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, among others, over the past 10 years. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, sesquiterpenes, and triterpenoids have been shown to help lower the chance of developing cancer, and they may also be used as the main ingredients in a strategy to prevent cancer. In this discussion, the functions of several phytochemical categories, their respective active constituents, and the methods via which they exert their effects were examined. Additionally, the signalling pathways that they modulate in the treatment of pancreatic cancer were identified, which may act as a potential target for future research endeavours.