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<p>This study evaluates the potential of tropical grasses—Elephant Grass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i>), Guinea Grass (<i>Panicum maximum</i>), and Water Hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>)—as low-cost substrates for <span>l</span>-lysine production by <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (ATCC 13032). Aqueous extracts of all three grasses were fermented with <i>C. glutamicum</i>; however, only elephant grass, which yielded the highest <span>l</span>-lysine levels, was subjected to optimization of fermentation conditions (pH, temperature, nutrient concentration, and aeration) to enhance microbial growth and <span>l</span>-lysine biosynthesis. Batch-to-batch consistency was ensured by standardizing sample collection and processing. Maximum <span>l</span>-lysine production reached 195&#xa0;mg/L at pH 7.0, with the highest production (168.7&#xa0;mg/L) at 40&#xa0;°C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed an endothermic and spontaneous biosynthesis process (ΔH = + 9.15&#xa0;kJ/mol, negative ΔG). Biochemical analysis showed increases in soluble protein, glucose, antioxidant capacity, total phenols, and flavonoids, especially in Water Hyacinth extracts. Enzyme assays confirmed enhanced α-amylase and protease activities. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using tropical grasses, particularly Water Hyacinth, as sustainable substrates for <span>l</span>-lysine production.</p>

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Optimization of fermentation parameters for l-lysine production using tropical grass extracts by Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Egoamaka O. Egbune,
  • Theresa Ezedom,
  • Francess E. Ederiene,
  • Grace N. Onyenokochikem,
  • Linda Eraga,
  • Ayobola D. Ehwarieme,
  • Oghenetega J. Avwioroko,
  • Eferhire Aganbi,
  • Akpovwehwee A. Anigboro,
  • Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari

摘要

This study evaluates the potential of tropical grasses—Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum), and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)—as low-cost substrates for l-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032). Aqueous extracts of all three grasses were fermented with C. glutamicum; however, only elephant grass, which yielded the highest l-lysine levels, was subjected to optimization of fermentation conditions (pH, temperature, nutrient concentration, and aeration) to enhance microbial growth and l-lysine biosynthesis. Batch-to-batch consistency was ensured by standardizing sample collection and processing. Maximum l-lysine production reached 195 mg/L at pH 7.0, with the highest production (168.7 mg/L) at 40 °C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed an endothermic and spontaneous biosynthesis process (ΔH = + 9.15 kJ/mol, negative ΔG). Biochemical analysis showed increases in soluble protein, glucose, antioxidant capacity, total phenols, and flavonoids, especially in Water Hyacinth extracts. Enzyme assays confirmed enhanced α-amylase and protease activities. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using tropical grasses, particularly Water Hyacinth, as sustainable substrates for l-lysine production.