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<p>Sensors pre-embedded in the concrete of roads, bridges, and tunnels can monitor structural health in real time. Powering such sensors via wireless power transfer (WPT) technology effectively negates the issue of limited battery life. However, there are significant differences in the number and type of sensors pre-embedded in different road sections, resulting in different power demands. This paper proposes an efficiency optimization method based on a variable-topology inverter circuit, given that WPT systems struggle to maintain high-efficiency operation under varying load power conditions. First, an analysis of the structure and four working modes of the variable-topology inverter circuit is conducted. A WPT system with a double-D quadrature (DDQ) coil as the magnetic coupling structure and an S-S resonant circuit is constructed. Second, considering the internal resistance of the coil, a mathematical model of the WPT system is established, and the expressions of the output power and efficiency of the system are derived. Third, by analyzing the relationship between the output power and system efficiency, a control method is proposed to adjust the working mode of the inverter circuit according to the load power demand, thereby achieving optimal system efficiency. Finally, the correctness of the derived system efficiency formula and the effectiveness of the efficiency optimization method are verified by experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the system efficiency is above 80% in the output power range of 35–70&#xa0;W.</p>

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Efficiency optimization of wireless power transfer for highway pre-embedded sensors based on variable-topology inverter circuit

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Gongfeng Xin,
  • Guanxu Long,
  • Qingying Li,
  • Xiuqian Yang

摘要

Sensors pre-embedded in the concrete of roads, bridges, and tunnels can monitor structural health in real time. Powering such sensors via wireless power transfer (WPT) technology effectively negates the issue of limited battery life. However, there are significant differences in the number and type of sensors pre-embedded in different road sections, resulting in different power demands. This paper proposes an efficiency optimization method based on a variable-topology inverter circuit, given that WPT systems struggle to maintain high-efficiency operation under varying load power conditions. First, an analysis of the structure and four working modes of the variable-topology inverter circuit is conducted. A WPT system with a double-D quadrature (DDQ) coil as the magnetic coupling structure and an S-S resonant circuit is constructed. Second, considering the internal resistance of the coil, a mathematical model of the WPT system is established, and the expressions of the output power and efficiency of the system are derived. Third, by analyzing the relationship between the output power and system efficiency, a control method is proposed to adjust the working mode of the inverter circuit according to the load power demand, thereby achieving optimal system efficiency. Finally, the correctness of the derived system efficiency formula and the effectiveness of the efficiency optimization method are verified by experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that the system efficiency is above 80% in the output power range of 35–70 W.