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<p>With the increase in distributed generation capacity connected to the power grid, the power grid exhibits weak grid characteristics. Traditional grid-following inverters may have stability issues under weak grid conditions. Therefore, the concept of grid-forming (GFM) inverters has been emphasized again, as they exhibit better small-signal stability performance under the weak grid. However, as GFM inverters estimate the operation of traditional rotational synchronous generators, they also face transient stability issues, such as power angle stability during grid faults. Additionally, control strategies in GFM inverters, such as the anti-windup strategy of the PI controller and the current limitation, will affect the transient stability. More importantly, the ability to recover to the normal state after the grid fault is cleared is not an inherent capability for GFM inverters. Therefore, the transient stability of GFM inverters, considering the current limitation, is analyzed in this paper, and relevant conclusions are drawn based on the stable manifold method. Furthermore, the influence of the anti-windup strategy and reactive power control loop on the recovery from current limitation is studied, and a self-recovery strategy is proposed, which can automatically distinguish the stability type after the fault is cleared and recover to the normal state. Verifications are given through simulations and experimental results from a 400&#xa0;V, three-phase, single-stage experimental platform.</p>

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Transient behavior of grid-forming inverters under current limitation and self-recovery strategy based on stable manifold

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Chenxi Bai,
  • Lihui Zhang,
  • Taihang He

摘要

With the increase in distributed generation capacity connected to the power grid, the power grid exhibits weak grid characteristics. Traditional grid-following inverters may have stability issues under weak grid conditions. Therefore, the concept of grid-forming (GFM) inverters has been emphasized again, as they exhibit better small-signal stability performance under the weak grid. However, as GFM inverters estimate the operation of traditional rotational synchronous generators, they also face transient stability issues, such as power angle stability during grid faults. Additionally, control strategies in GFM inverters, such as the anti-windup strategy of the PI controller and the current limitation, will affect the transient stability. More importantly, the ability to recover to the normal state after the grid fault is cleared is not an inherent capability for GFM inverters. Therefore, the transient stability of GFM inverters, considering the current limitation, is analyzed in this paper, and relevant conclusions are drawn based on the stable manifold method. Furthermore, the influence of the anti-windup strategy and reactive power control loop on the recovery from current limitation is studied, and a self-recovery strategy is proposed, which can automatically distinguish the stability type after the fault is cleared and recover to the normal state. Verifications are given through simulations and experimental results from a 400 V, three-phase, single-stage experimental platform.