Structural interpretation and sequence stratigraphy of Kolmani field, Northeast Nigeria, using 3D seismic data and well log data for enhanced hydrocarbon prospectivity
摘要
Kolmani field is located within the Gongola arm of the Upper Benue Trough, Northeast Nigeria, with a potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Historically, it recorded a limited exploration chance of success owing to the evasive nature of the structural geology, stratigraphy, and environment of deposition related to the Santonian tectonic episodes of the study area. However, this study focused on the structural interpretation and sequence stratigraphy of the Kolmani field using 3D seismic data and well log data. Schlumberger 2018 Petrel tool was used for the well log and seismic interpretation. The lithological interpretation indicates sands and shales as the dominant lithologies, with minor limetsones and marls. The delineated reservoir sands (Res A, Res B, Res C) within the Yolde Formation are of limited thickness (6.13 m, 3.17 m, and 5.68 m, respectively), with oil as the type hydrocarbon. The structures encountered faults (normal, reverse, synthetic, antithetic listric, and conjugate faults), folds (drag, detachment, synclinal, and rollover anticlinal folds), unconformities (disconformity and angular unconformity), horst, graben, and shale diapirs. These structures, the majority of which trend mainly in the northeastern direction, served as seals, migration pathways, and traps for the generated hydrocarbon. The sequence stratigraphy analysis revealed that the Yolde Formation and Gombe Sandstone were deposited in a transitional environment, while the Pindiga Formation was deposited in a transitional marine environment. The delineated reservoirs were deposited during the lowstand system tract, and the seismic sequence stratigraphy indicated downlap, onlap, toplap structures, and incised valley. However, six prospects bounded by northeast-trending faults were identified for further hydrocarbon exploration. The Kolmani field has the required petroleum system elements for enhanced hydrocarbon prospectivity as revealed in this study.