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<p>This paper presents a comparative study of the microstructural characteristics and complex elastic and electromechanical properties of ferroelectrically “hard” dense and porous PZT piezoceramics of identical composition. Using a previously developed method for analyzing piezoresonance spectra of fundamental and higher order thickness mode resonances in piezoceramic disks, we measured the real and imaginary parts of the complex material constants and their frequency dependencies. The study reveals regions of anomalous elastic and electromechanical dispersion in porous piezoceramics within the frequency range of 1–20&#xa0;MHz, manifested as distinct features in the frequency dependencies of the real and imaginary parts of the complex constants. Within this frequency range, the real part of the elastic modulus <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C_{{33}}^{{D'}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> varies from 7.125 to 7.325·10<sup>10</sup> N/m<sup>2</sup>, the thickness mode sound velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V_{t}^{D}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> decreases from 3500 to 3450&#xa0;m/s, and the real part of the electromechanical coupling coefficient <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k_{t}^{\prime }\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> first increases from 0.49 to 0.53 and then decreases to 0.43. This anomalous behavior is attributed to the enhanced contribution of quasi-rod structural elements within the porous framework to the complex material parameters. This enhancement arises from the evolving ratio between the wavelength of resonant oscillations in the piezoceramic element and the characteristic length scale of microstructural heterogeneity as frequency increases. In subsequent work, we plan to investigate the frequency dependence of the elastic and electromechanical parameters of other piezoceramic compositions with varying porosity levels. This will help confirm the universality of the observed dispersion characteristics and the microstructural origins of elastic and electromechanical losses.</p>

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Microstructural and physical origins of elastic and electromechanical losses and dispersion in dense and porous piezoceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • I. A. Shvetsov,
  • N. A. Shvetsova,
  • E. I. Petrova,
  • M. A. Lugovaya,
  • A. N. Rybyanets

摘要

This paper presents a comparative study of the microstructural characteristics and complex elastic and electromechanical properties of ferroelectrically “hard” dense and porous PZT piezoceramics of identical composition. Using a previously developed method for analyzing piezoresonance spectra of fundamental and higher order thickness mode resonances in piezoceramic disks, we measured the real and imaginary parts of the complex material constants and their frequency dependencies. The study reveals regions of anomalous elastic and electromechanical dispersion in porous piezoceramics within the frequency range of 1–20 MHz, manifested as distinct features in the frequency dependencies of the real and imaginary parts of the complex constants. Within this frequency range, the real part of the elastic modulus \(C_{{33}}^{{D'}}\) varies from 7.125 to 7.325·1010 N/m2, the thickness mode sound velocity \(V_{t}^{D}\) decreases from 3500 to 3450 m/s, and the real part of the electromechanical coupling coefficient \(k_{t}^{\prime }\) first increases from 0.49 to 0.53 and then decreases to 0.43. This anomalous behavior is attributed to the enhanced contribution of quasi-rod structural elements within the porous framework to the complex material parameters. This enhancement arises from the evolving ratio between the wavelength of resonant oscillations in the piezoceramic element and the characteristic length scale of microstructural heterogeneity as frequency increases. In subsequent work, we plan to investigate the frequency dependence of the elastic and electromechanical parameters of other piezoceramic compositions with varying porosity levels. This will help confirm the universality of the observed dispersion characteristics and the microstructural origins of elastic and electromechanical losses.