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Background <p>Postoperative knee stiffness is a&#xa0;clinically significant complication following knee surgery and is associated with pain, restricted range of motion, prolonged rehabilitation, and increased revision rates. Despite advances in surgical techniques, it remains a&#xa0;challenging condition with multifactorial etiology.</p> Objective <p>The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence on pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of postoperative knee stiffness and to derive evidence-based management strategies.</p> Methods <p>A&#xa0;narrative review of clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic studies addressing postoperative knee stiffness and arthrofibrosis following ligament reconstruction, fracture fixation, and total knee arthroplasty was performed.</p> Results <p>Arthrofibrosis represents the predominant biological cause of postoperative knee stiffness. Incidence varies depending on procedure type, patient-related risk factors, and mechanical contributors. Preventive strategies include early mobilization, adequate pain and inflammation control, and precise surgical technique. Treatment follows a&#xa0;stepwise approach ranging from conservative and pharmacological measures to arthroscopic and open arthrolysis.</p> Conclusion <p>Treatment success is time-dependent and relies on accurate etiological differentiation. Early, targeted interventions yield superior functional outcomes.</p>

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Kniesteife nach Operation: Ursachen, Prävention und Therapie

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • L. Eggeling,
  • K. Frosch,
  • R. Akoto

摘要

Background

Postoperative knee stiffness is a clinically significant complication following knee surgery and is associated with pain, restricted range of motion, prolonged rehabilitation, and increased revision rates. Despite advances in surgical techniques, it remains a challenging condition with multifactorial etiology.

Objective

The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence on pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of postoperative knee stiffness and to derive evidence-based management strategies.

Methods

A narrative review of clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic studies addressing postoperative knee stiffness and arthrofibrosis following ligament reconstruction, fracture fixation, and total knee arthroplasty was performed.

Results

Arthrofibrosis represents the predominant biological cause of postoperative knee stiffness. Incidence varies depending on procedure type, patient-related risk factors, and mechanical contributors. Preventive strategies include early mobilization, adequate pain and inflammation control, and precise surgical technique. Treatment follows a stepwise approach ranging from conservative and pharmacological measures to arthroscopic and open arthrolysis.

Conclusion

Treatment success is time-dependent and relies on accurate etiological differentiation. Early, targeted interventions yield superior functional outcomes.