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<p><i>Gelsemium elegans</i> (<i>G.elegans</i>) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with acute toxic effects and mechanisms still poorly understood. In this study, acute neurotoxic effects induced by the powdered alcoholic extract of <i>G.elegans</i> (480&#xa0;mg/kg) were evaluated in rats. The study found that N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, 8.75&#xa0;mg/kg), baclofen (0.3&#xa0;mg/kg), sarcosine (560&#xa0;mg/kg) have antagonistic effects on <i>G.elegans</i> acute poisoning, and the rescue rates are 80%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. A total of 30 alkaloid constituents were identified in the <i>G.elegans</i> alcohol extract group, with gelsedine-type alkaloids being detected in all brain regions except the cerebellum. In addition, <i>G.elegans</i> does not show obvious brain, lung, pancreas and jejunum tissue damage, which is mainly manifested in nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial damage, and its intake can promote the expression of c-Fos protein. Compared with the control group, except for the spinal cord and hippocampus, the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and brain stem of <i>G.elegans</i> alcoholic extract shows different degrees of decrease, and the decrease is most significant in the cortex. After exposure to <i>G.elegans</i>, multiple regions of the rat brain show varying degrees of increase in glutamate concentration, decrease in glycine, and increase in the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Additionally, gelsenicine (1.2&#xa0;mg/kg) could significantly reduce the expression of GluN2A and GluN2B proteins in the hippocampus of rats, and significantly increase the phosphorylation level of GluN2B receptor protein. Collectively, these studies provide data basis and new insights into the toxicological mechanisms of <i>G.elegans</i> components.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of acute neurotoxic effects induced by Gelsemium elegans in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Meng-Ting Zuo,
  • Jiang-Yu Long,
  • Chong-Yin Huang,
  • Yi-Rong Wang,
  • Xiao-Qing Xu,
  • Zhao-Ying Liu

摘要

Gelsemium elegans (G.elegans) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with acute toxic effects and mechanisms still poorly understood. In this study, acute neurotoxic effects induced by the powdered alcoholic extract of G.elegans (480 mg/kg) were evaluated in rats. The study found that N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, 8.75 mg/kg), baclofen (0.3 mg/kg), sarcosine (560 mg/kg) have antagonistic effects on G.elegans acute poisoning, and the rescue rates are 80%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. A total of 30 alkaloid constituents were identified in the G.elegans alcohol extract group, with gelsedine-type alkaloids being detected in all brain regions except the cerebellum. In addition, G.elegans does not show obvious brain, lung, pancreas and jejunum tissue damage, which is mainly manifested in nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial damage, and its intake can promote the expression of c-Fos protein. Compared with the control group, except for the spinal cord and hippocampus, the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and brain stem of G.elegans alcoholic extract shows different degrees of decrease, and the decrease is most significant in the cortex. After exposure to G.elegans, multiple regions of the rat brain show varying degrees of increase in glutamate concentration, decrease in glycine, and increase in the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Additionally, gelsenicine (1.2 mg/kg) could significantly reduce the expression of GluN2A and GluN2B proteins in the hippocampus of rats, and significantly increase the phosphorylation level of GluN2B receptor protein. Collectively, these studies provide data basis and new insights into the toxicological mechanisms of G.elegans components.

Graphical Abstract