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<p>This study investigates the use of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>, a plant rich in proteins and polysaccharides that can act as a natural coagulant for treating wastewater from olive oil production. Wastewater samples were treated in the laboratory using a coagulation–flocculation process with <i>Moringa oleifera</i> after pH adjustment and controlled stirring, then analyzed for pH, total suspended matter (TSM), and nitrate content. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> has been used in the form of dry powder, dissolved in distilled water, stirred to extract the coagulating proteins, filtered, and fresh solutions were prepared daily. Four independent variables, namely stirring speed, <i>Moringa oleifera</i> concentration, pH, and stirring time, were evaluated to determine their influence on treatment efficiency. To maximize the coagulation process, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used. The later approach made it possible to identify the most significant variables and define the optimal operating conditions for the natural coagulant. The high adjusted coefficients of determination (R²_adj = 0.8738 for TSM and R²_adj = 0.9084 for nitrates) confirm the reliability and predictive accuracy of the models. The optimal conditions obtained were a <i>Moringa oleifera</i> concentration of approximately 35&#xa0;g/L, a pH of 6, a stirring time of about 25&#xa0;min, and a stirring speed of 35&#xa0;rpm, achieving removal efficiencies of 60% for TSM and 78% for nitrates. These findings demonstrate that optimized biocoagulation using <i>Moringa oleifera</i> is an effective and environmentally friendly method for treating organic wastewater.</p>

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Optimization of nitrate and total suspended matter removal from Olive oil mill wastewater using a natural coagulant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Safaa Khattabi Rifi,
  • Latifa Mouhir,
  • Anas Driouich,
  • Khalid Digua,
  • Amina khalidi-idrissi,
  • Ilham Nassri,
  • Abdelaziz Madinzi,
  • Salah Souabi

摘要

This study investigates the use of Moringa oleifera, a plant rich in proteins and polysaccharides that can act as a natural coagulant for treating wastewater from olive oil production. Wastewater samples were treated in the laboratory using a coagulation–flocculation process with Moringa oleifera after pH adjustment and controlled stirring, then analyzed for pH, total suspended matter (TSM), and nitrate content. Moringa oleifera has been used in the form of dry powder, dissolved in distilled water, stirred to extract the coagulating proteins, filtered, and fresh solutions were prepared daily. Four independent variables, namely stirring speed, Moringa oleifera concentration, pH, and stirring time, were evaluated to determine their influence on treatment efficiency. To maximize the coagulation process, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used. The later approach made it possible to identify the most significant variables and define the optimal operating conditions for the natural coagulant. The high adjusted coefficients of determination (R²_adj = 0.8738 for TSM and R²_adj = 0.9084 for nitrates) confirm the reliability and predictive accuracy of the models. The optimal conditions obtained were a Moringa oleifera concentration of approximately 35 g/L, a pH of 6, a stirring time of about 25 min, and a stirring speed of 35 rpm, achieving removal efficiencies of 60% for TSM and 78% for nitrates. These findings demonstrate that optimized biocoagulation using Moringa oleifera is an effective and environmentally friendly method for treating organic wastewater.