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<p>In the quest for higher performance and energy efficiency, nanofluids play a crucial role in revolutionizing heat transfer processes. Their unique properties offer enhanced thermal management and sustainability across various applications. In this work, six novel nanofluids were prepared utilizing low cost base fluid consisting ethylene glycol and imidazole, and environmentally friendly nanoparticles made of Powdered Activated Carbon supported Carbon Nanotubes (PAC-CNT). The use of eutectic solvent with tunable properties, along with the low viscosity of ethylene glycol and low vapor pressure, enhances the thermal and physical performance of the nanofluids. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of temperature, nanoparticles concentration, and base fluid composition molar ratio on the thermophysical properties of the base fluids and the nanofluids. All nanofluids showed a pumping power ratio of more than one based on their density and viscosity measurements. The nanofluids containing 0.08 wt% of nanoparticles achieved a maximum enhancement in specific heat in both base fluid systems. These enhancements reached 10% and 44% with ethylene glycol and imidazole base fluids, respectively. The thermal conductivity (TC) was also enhanced by adding nanoparticles to the base fluid. A remarkable increase in TC was achieved with a nanoparticles concentration of 0.08% in the first system (1:2 IM:EG) which reached up to 274%. This research contributes valuable insights into the prospective utilization of the investigated nanofluids to improve heat transfer performance across a wide range of engineering and industrial applications.</p>

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Improved thermal and rheological properties of nanofluids: a comprehensive investigation of PAC-CNT nanoparticles in binary eutectic solvent systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Layali Juma Al-Mushaifri,
  • Farouq Sabri Majlli,
  • Nabeel Zahran Al-Rawahi

摘要

In the quest for higher performance and energy efficiency, nanofluids play a crucial role in revolutionizing heat transfer processes. Their unique properties offer enhanced thermal management and sustainability across various applications. In this work, six novel nanofluids were prepared utilizing low cost base fluid consisting ethylene glycol and imidazole, and environmentally friendly nanoparticles made of Powdered Activated Carbon supported Carbon Nanotubes (PAC-CNT). The use of eutectic solvent with tunable properties, along with the low viscosity of ethylene glycol and low vapor pressure, enhances the thermal and physical performance of the nanofluids. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of temperature, nanoparticles concentration, and base fluid composition molar ratio on the thermophysical properties of the base fluids and the nanofluids. All nanofluids showed a pumping power ratio of more than one based on their density and viscosity measurements. The nanofluids containing 0.08 wt% of nanoparticles achieved a maximum enhancement in specific heat in both base fluid systems. These enhancements reached 10% and 44% with ethylene glycol and imidazole base fluids, respectively. The thermal conductivity (TC) was also enhanced by adding nanoparticles to the base fluid. A remarkable increase in TC was achieved with a nanoparticles concentration of 0.08% in the first system (1:2 IM:EG) which reached up to 274%. This research contributes valuable insights into the prospective utilization of the investigated nanofluids to improve heat transfer performance across a wide range of engineering and industrial applications.