<p>Enzyme immobilization is the process of binding enzymes to an inert support material, such as biomaterials, nanocarriers, or agro-industrial waste, to stabilize and repurpose enzymes. In 2017, experts estimated the enzyme business to be worth over $7 billion USD, and they expect it to grow to over $10.5 billion USD in the upcoming years. The laccase enzyme is an oxidoreductase that can oxidize both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. It has been regarded as a key component in the domains of green chemistry and white biotechnology. Laccase is one of the most resilient biocatalysts because of its many uses in many environmental processes, including the detection and treatment of chemical pollutants and dyes as well as the removal of pharmaceuticals. However, the enzyme’s instability, half-life, and industrial viability are typically the limitations of these biocatalytic reactions. To improve laccase’s catalytic properties and reusability, a variety of chemical and physical immobilization techniques have been used. The laccase immobilization technologies have demonstrated the ability to lower manufacturing process costs and improve application viability while searching for cost-effective and environmentally friendly support materials. Other side due to several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of use, environment sustainability, and a wide range of applications, enzyme-driven nanoparticle (nano-biocatalysts) synthesis offers a viable approach for producing nanoparticles in sustainable nanotechnology. Thus, this study examines the latest developments in laccase immobilization, examining the benefits and drawbacks of biomaterials, nanocarriers, and agro-industrial waste utilized for this purpose. The article concludes by highlighting the performance attained with these incorporated materials, as well as present difficulties and possible solutions. The key significance of this review article is in its contribution to sustainable biotechnology, which provides information on economical and ecologically friendly methods for increasing the usefulness of laccases in industrial and environmental applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Laccase immobilization</p> <p></p>