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<p>Micropollutants, encompassing pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones, pose a relevant challenge in conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), leading their dissemination in aquatic environments and contributing environmental degradation. This paper aims to propose a comprehensive framework for selecting treatment alternatives for pharmaceutical industry wastewater, seeking to achieve the optimal cost–benefit ratio while complying with current disposal standards. The framework comprises seven steps: (1) inventorying the products manufactured by the industry; (2) identifying raw materials used that can contribute to effluent composition; (3) assessing the toxicity and biodegradability of the identified raw materials; (4) pinpointing the critical treatment aspects; (5) benchmarking potential treatment system based on critical points; (6) conducting preliminary feasibility analysis, and (7) validating potential treatment in bench or pilot scale. This framework was applied to a pharmaceutical industry scenario located in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The existing WWTP at this industry integrates Septic Tank (ST), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors (UASB), and Anaerobic Filter (AF). Through the framework application, the integration of the reverse osmosis process into existing WWTP emerges as a potential solution, yielding treated effluent compliant with legal requirements at a cost of $ 0.44 per m<sup>3</sup>.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A framework for the selection of wastewater treatment systems in pharmaceutical industries: an approach oriented by the types of pharmaceuticals produced

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月25日

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  • Gabriela Menta Alvim,
  • Jhonatan Bispo de Oliveira,
  • Miriam Cristina Santos Amaral Morávia,
  • Ildefonso Binatti

摘要

Micropollutants, encompassing pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones, pose a relevant challenge in conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), leading their dissemination in aquatic environments and contributing environmental degradation. This paper aims to propose a comprehensive framework for selecting treatment alternatives for pharmaceutical industry wastewater, seeking to achieve the optimal cost–benefit ratio while complying with current disposal standards. The framework comprises seven steps: (1) inventorying the products manufactured by the industry; (2) identifying raw materials used that can contribute to effluent composition; (3) assessing the toxicity and biodegradability of the identified raw materials; (4) pinpointing the critical treatment aspects; (5) benchmarking potential treatment system based on critical points; (6) conducting preliminary feasibility analysis, and (7) validating potential treatment in bench or pilot scale. This framework was applied to a pharmaceutical industry scenario located in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The existing WWTP at this industry integrates Septic Tank (ST), Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors (UASB), and Anaerobic Filter (AF). Through the framework application, the integration of the reverse osmosis process into existing WWTP emerges as a potential solution, yielding treated effluent compliant with legal requirements at a cost of $ 0.44 per m3.

Graphical Abstract