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<p>Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for improving water quality and protecting the environment by reducing organic pollutants and harmful microorganisms. However, challenges in densely populated areas can affect their efficiency. The performance and stability of microbial communities are key to the effectiveness of WWTPs, making it crucial to understand them for optimizing treatment processes and improving sanitation efforts. This study aimed to analyze the development, diversity, and dynamics of microbial communities in WWTPs in the Recife metropolitan region, Pernambuco, Brazil, and their response to different treatment processes and toxic compounds. Samples were collected from various WWTPs in Recife. The genetic material was extracted from the WWTP and sent to the facility for metabarcoding sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioconductor, DADA2, PhyloSeq, and PICRUSt2 were used for processing the sequenced samples. Microbial diversity was examined by identifying different genera, with their development analyzed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, alongside the presence of industrial and domestic effluents. Metabolic analysis was conducted to explore the link between microbial pathways and xenobiotic compound degradation. The analysis revealed diverse microbial genera influenced by treatment processes (aerobic or anaerobic) and toxic compounds. Key microorganisms included <i>Brevundimonas</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Methanolinea</i>. Industrial effluents increased microbial diversity compared to domestic wastewater. The discovery of microorganisms with potential antibiotic resistance in aerobic systems raised public health concerns. The study highlighted the diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in WWTPs and their role in treatment efficiency. The presence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in aerobic systems calls for further investigation, while the link between microbial metabolic pathways and xenobiotic degradation offers opportunities for improving treatment processes.</p>

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Microbial diversity, dynamics, and metabolic analysis of microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plants in urban areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • Fabrício Motteran,
  • Bruna Kelly de Oliveira Silva,
  • Joelithon de Lima Costa,
  • Luiz Pereira da Silva Júnior,
  • Henrique César Guedes Campos,
  • Chikae Tatsumi,
  • Bruna Scandolara Magnus,
  • Wanderli Rogério Moreira Leite,
  • Lourdinha Florencio,
  • Mario Takayuki Kato

摘要

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for improving water quality and protecting the environment by reducing organic pollutants and harmful microorganisms. However, challenges in densely populated areas can affect their efficiency. The performance and stability of microbial communities are key to the effectiveness of WWTPs, making it crucial to understand them for optimizing treatment processes and improving sanitation efforts. This study aimed to analyze the development, diversity, and dynamics of microbial communities in WWTPs in the Recife metropolitan region, Pernambuco, Brazil, and their response to different treatment processes and toxic compounds. Samples were collected from various WWTPs in Recife. The genetic material was extracted from the WWTP and sent to the facility for metabarcoding sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioconductor, DADA2, PhyloSeq, and PICRUSt2 were used for processing the sequenced samples. Microbial diversity was examined by identifying different genera, with their development analyzed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, alongside the presence of industrial and domestic effluents. Metabolic analysis was conducted to explore the link between microbial pathways and xenobiotic compound degradation. The analysis revealed diverse microbial genera influenced by treatment processes (aerobic or anaerobic) and toxic compounds. Key microorganisms included Brevundimonas, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, and Methanolinea. Industrial effluents increased microbial diversity compared to domestic wastewater. The discovery of microorganisms with potential antibiotic resistance in aerobic systems raised public health concerns. The study highlighted the diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in WWTPs and their role in treatment efficiency. The presence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in aerobic systems calls for further investigation, while the link between microbial metabolic pathways and xenobiotic degradation offers opportunities for improving treatment processes.