A review: photocatalytic degradation of dyes by metal sulfide nanoparticles

Over the past few decades, environmental contamination from the wastewater industry has gravely threatened the environment and public health. According to reports, thousands of different dyes and pigments are used in a range of industries around the world each year, producing more than 7 × 10⁵ tonnes of synthetic dyes. Environmental contamination can be prevented by using semiconductor metal sulfide nanostructures (MSNSs) with doping and heterojunction as photocatalysts for the long-term, economical removal of hazardous organic dyes. The current review focuses on the degradability of hazardous dyes in the environment by metal sulfide nanoparticles such as ZnS, CdS, CuS, Ag₂S, CoS, and FeS.