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<p>There&#xa0;are discrepant findings on physiological and psychological factors of mothers’ mental state and the prevalence rates of postpartum depression. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of anxiety, as well as the influence of oxytocin, estradiol, and cortisol levels, on depressive symptoms four months after childbirth.&#xa0;A longitudinal prospective correlational design was performed. The sample consisted of 106 pregnant women. In a first assessment 24&#xa0;h postpartum oxytocin, cortisol and estradiol was measured. The second assessment was 4&#xa0;months postpartum measuring depressive and anxiety symptoms. The scales used were Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Salivary cortisol and serum estradiol were analyzed by immunoassay, and serum oxytocin was detected by radioimmunoassay. To assess the effect of both the physiological and psychological elements in postpartum depression, a regression analysis was conducted.&#xa0;Only trait anxiety predicted postpartum depression, explaining 56.5% of the variation in scores on the BDI-II at four months after delivery (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> adjusted .565, <i>p</i> &lt; .001, <i>f</i><sup>2</sup> 1.347, EP .999), without finding mediating influence of physiological factors.&#xa0;The results of the current study emphasize the need to expand screenings for a wider spectrum of mental health problems, including anxiety disorders, and receive adequate and specific care during the postpartum period.</p>

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How Do Emotional and Physiological Factors Influence Postpartum Depression? A Longitudinal Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Dolores Marín-Morales,
  • Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente,
  • Marta Losa-Iglesias,
  • Raquel Jiménez-Fernández,
  • Inmaculada Corral-Liria

摘要

There are discrepant findings on physiological and psychological factors of mothers’ mental state and the prevalence rates of postpartum depression. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of anxiety, as well as the influence of oxytocin, estradiol, and cortisol levels, on depressive symptoms four months after childbirth. A longitudinal prospective correlational design was performed. The sample consisted of 106 pregnant women. In a first assessment 24 h postpartum oxytocin, cortisol and estradiol was measured. The second assessment was 4 months postpartum measuring depressive and anxiety symptoms. The scales used were Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Salivary cortisol and serum estradiol were analyzed by immunoassay, and serum oxytocin was detected by radioimmunoassay. To assess the effect of both the physiological and psychological elements in postpartum depression, a regression analysis was conducted. Only trait anxiety predicted postpartum depression, explaining 56.5% of the variation in scores on the BDI-II at four months after delivery (R2 adjusted .565, p < .001, f2 1.347, EP .999), without finding mediating influence of physiological factors. The results of the current study emphasize the need to expand screenings for a wider spectrum of mental health problems, including anxiety disorders, and receive adequate and specific care during the postpartum period.