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<p>Digital transformation has become a defining determinant of supply-chain competitiveness. For Morocco—strategically positioned between Europe and Africa—upgrading logistics, manufacturing, and agri-export systems is critical for economic competitiveness. Despite clear momentum in adopting frontier technologies, fragmented evidence and persistent frictions (skills gaps, capital constraints, uneven readiness) stall scaling, particularly for SMEs. This study employs a PRISMA–ScR scoping review of 300 sources with bibliometric mapping, complemented by an ecosystem scan of 903 Moroccan startups and an exploratory field probe (<i>N</i>=7). Substantial performance improvements arise when technologies (IoT, AI/ML, blockchain, digital twins) are deployed as an integrated stack supported by enabling infrastructure layers—shared data schemas, interoperable edge–cloud connectivity, security and identity management, and MLOps/TwinOps. Results reveal uneven regional readiness; SME adoption driven by efficiency and cost but constrained by skills, capex, and security; an urban-centred startup ecosystem; and a tractable policy-to-practice pathway aligned with Digital Morocco 2030. An implementation framework linking technologies to operational levers and measurable KPIs is proposed, extending Industry 4.0/5.0 theory and Dynamic Capabilities Theory to SME-dominant emerging economies and informing government programmes and managerial roadmaps.</p>

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Morocco’s Digital Supply-Chain Transformation: Adapting Industry 4.0 and 5.0 for SME-Dominant Economies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Ayoub El Ouardi,
  • Otman Abdoun

摘要

Digital transformation has become a defining determinant of supply-chain competitiveness. For Morocco—strategically positioned between Europe and Africa—upgrading logistics, manufacturing, and agri-export systems is critical for economic competitiveness. Despite clear momentum in adopting frontier technologies, fragmented evidence and persistent frictions (skills gaps, capital constraints, uneven readiness) stall scaling, particularly for SMEs. This study employs a PRISMA–ScR scoping review of 300 sources with bibliometric mapping, complemented by an ecosystem scan of 903 Moroccan startups and an exploratory field probe (N=7). Substantial performance improvements arise when technologies (IoT, AI/ML, blockchain, digital twins) are deployed as an integrated stack supported by enabling infrastructure layers—shared data schemas, interoperable edge–cloud connectivity, security and identity management, and MLOps/TwinOps. Results reveal uneven regional readiness; SME adoption driven by efficiency and cost but constrained by skills, capex, and security; an urban-centred startup ecosystem; and a tractable policy-to-practice pathway aligned with Digital Morocco 2030. An implementation framework linking technologies to operational levers and measurable KPIs is proposed, extending Industry 4.0/5.0 theory and Dynamic Capabilities Theory to SME-dominant emerging economies and informing government programmes and managerial roadmaps.