<p>Quality healthcare remains one of the imperative means of ensuring survival. Through procurement, equitable access to healthcare services via institutions including clinics and hospitals can be achieved. The persistent shortages of medical commodities, resulting in delayed treatment in Ghanaian public hospitals, have far-reaching implications for both patients care and health supply chain. The root causes of these problems are multifaceted and remain largely unexplored from a health procurement perspective. Therefore, this survey paper intends to assess the impacts of competitive bidding on enhancing the effectiveness of medical logistics in the healthcare sector at both the Effia-Nkwanta Regional Hospital and Tepa Gov’t Hospital in Ghana. Questionnaires were administered to obtain data from a sample size of 400 respondents from both healthcare institutions. Sobel’s <i>z</i>-test and a bootstrapping technique with 5000 subsamples was employed to assess the statistical significance of the mediating effect. Adopting the structural equation model, the empirical findings revealed that CBM, CTP, NQS, and RE positively and significantly influence the effectiveness of medical logistics. Moreover, agency theory and efficiency theory affirmed the dynamics of stakeholder relationships and resource optimization in the effectiveness of competitive bidding for medical logistics in Ghana’s healthcare sector. We suggest policymakers must enhance regulatory compliance and invest in logistics management capabilities. This will minimize the inefficiencies within the medical logistics ecosystem.</p>