Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Downstream Logistics: a Hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making Framework

An exponential surge in express package volume, particularly in subcontinents like India, fueled by the rapid growth of e-commerce and information technology, underscores the urgency of addressing sustainability in downstream logistics. Despite this growth, there is a glaring absence of research focusing on downstream logistics in Indian context. Given their significant economic and environmental ramifications, downstream logistics—the latter phases of product distribution—highlights the growing awareness of sustainable practices in logistics industry. By offering an extensive framework for assessing downstream logistics operations’ performance based on sustainable service quality, the proposed effort seeks to close this gap. This study offers a comprehensive framework for assessing downstream logistics operations’ performance through the lens of sustainability. By integrating various Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodologies, such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), this framework not only selects the best logistics service providers but also identifies key drivers and indicators that influence policymakers to make optimal decisions. It evaluates the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives while considering competing goals such as social responsibility, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. Our study highlights the critical significance of prioritizing Tracking Capability over Payment Options, drawing from eight key factors affecting LSPs. These findings offer invaluable guidance for decision-makers navigating the complex landscape of sustainable logistics management techniques in India, aiming to enhance service quality while aligning with SDGs.