<p>The present paper is devoted to obtain numerical estimations for the equivalences between the Hardy–Littlewood norms of Zygmund’s spaces, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_{\exp }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mo>exp</mo> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L\log L,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>log</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the Luxemburg norms associated to concrete Young functions that define these spaces. Moreover, for a (finite) measure we compute the equivalence constants between the Hardy–Littlewood norms of Zygmund’s spaces and the norms as associate (Köthe-dual) spaces. It is also proved that, for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;r&lt;1,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> the quasinorm of the <i>r</i>-convexification <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^r_{\exp },\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mo>exp</mo> <mi>r</mi> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_{\exp },\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mo>exp</mo> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is equivalent to a norm. In the opposite, the quasinorm of the <i>r</i>-convexification <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="62" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^r\log L,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mo>log</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L\log L,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>log</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is not equivalent to a norm. In the atomic case, the <i>r</i>-convexification <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^r\log L\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>r</mi> </msup> <mo>log</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has a separating dual. We analyse the weak compactness of the multiplication operators from <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{\infty }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L_{\exp }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mo>exp</mo> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and from <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L\log L\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>log</mo> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="43036_2025_450_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^1.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> From the weak compactness of the embeddings follows the reflexivity of certain Lions–Peetre interpolated spaces.</p>

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On \(L_{\exp }\) and \(L \log L\) Zygmund’s spaces and its r-convexifications: the Orlicz–Luxemburg point of view

  • Fernando Mayoral

摘要

The present paper is devoted to obtain numerical estimations for the equivalences between the Hardy–Littlewood norms of Zygmund’s spaces, \(L_{\exp }\) L exp and \(L\log L,\) L log L , and the Luxemburg norms associated to concrete Young functions that define these spaces. Moreover, for a (finite) measure we compute the equivalence constants between the Hardy–Littlewood norms of Zygmund’s spaces and the norms as associate (Köthe-dual) spaces. It is also proved that, for each \(0<r<1,\) 0 < r < 1 , the quasinorm of the r-convexification \(L^r_{\exp },\) L exp r , of \(L_{\exp },\) L exp , is equivalent to a norm. In the opposite, the quasinorm of the r-convexification \(L^r\log L,\) L r log L , of \(L\log L,\) L log L , is not equivalent to a norm. In the atomic case, the r-convexification \(L^r\log L\) L r log L has a separating dual. We analyse the weak compactness of the multiplication operators from \(L^{\infty }\) L to \(L_{\exp }\) L exp and from \(L\log L\) L log L to \(L^1.\) L 1 . From the weak compactness of the embeddings follows the reflexivity of certain Lions–Peetre interpolated spaces.