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<p>Functional additives play a significant role in improving health problems caused by high-fat diet (HFD) in farmed fish species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) on liver and gut health of HFD-feeding zebrafish. The results showed that triglyceride (TAG), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic aminotransferase (AST) concentrations were significantly reduced in the TCA50 group. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly reduced, whereas higher activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were recorded in the TCA50 group. Besides, TCA promoted the expression of proteins related to the antioxidant <i>stk11</i>/<i>ampkα</i>/<i>nrf2</i> pathway. Serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) content and expression of pro-inflammatory genes were notably reduced in the TCA groups, and the TCA50 group improved the intestinal villi and goblet cells in the midgut and hindgut. Zebrafish survival rate was increased in TCA groups after challenged with <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> Hm091 and <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> NJ-1. The relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and <i>Cetobacterium</i> were elevated in the TCA50 group. The gut microbiota altered by TCA50 group indirectly improved the antioxidant capacity of germ-free (GF) zebrafish, through the antioxidant <i>gsk3β</i>/<i>nrf2</i> pathway, with <i>Cetobacterium somerae</i> potentially acting as the primary effector bacterium in enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the fish. Feeding of 50&#xa0;mg/kg TCA directly to GF zebrafish activated the <i>stk11</i>/<i>ampkα</i>/<i>nrf2</i> pathway and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 50&#xa0;mg/kg TCA alleviated HFD-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish via direct activation of <i>stk11</i>/<i>ampkα</i>/<i>nrf2</i> and gut microbiota-mediated activation of <i>gsk3β</i>/<i>nrf2</i> pathways.</p>

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Trans-cinnamaldehyde alleviates high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish via direct and gut microbial mediated activations of antioxidant pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Delong Meng,
  • Xiaoying Zhu,
  • Jingyu Luan,
  • Xingyu Chen,
  • Tsegay Teame,
  • Benjamin Earl Niemann,
  • Chao Ran,
  • Yalin Yang,
  • Qianwen Ding,
  • Yuanyuan Yao,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Zhigang Zhou

摘要

Functional additives play a significant role in improving health problems caused by high-fat diet (HFD) in farmed fish species. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) on liver and gut health of HFD-feeding zebrafish. The results showed that triglyceride (TAG), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic aminotransferase (AST) concentrations were significantly reduced in the TCA50 group. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly reduced, whereas higher activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were recorded in the TCA50 group. Besides, TCA promoted the expression of proteins related to the antioxidant stk11/ampkα/nrf2 pathway. Serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) content and expression of pro-inflammatory genes were notably reduced in the TCA groups, and the TCA50 group improved the intestinal villi and goblet cells in the midgut and hindgut. Zebrafish survival rate was increased in TCA groups after challenged with Aeromonas veronii Hm091 and Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-1. The relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium were elevated in the TCA50 group. The gut microbiota altered by TCA50 group indirectly improved the antioxidant capacity of germ-free (GF) zebrafish, through the antioxidant gsk3β/nrf2 pathway, with Cetobacterium somerae potentially acting as the primary effector bacterium in enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the fish. Feeding of 50 mg/kg TCA directly to GF zebrafish activated the stk11/ampkα/nrf2 pathway and enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 50 mg/kg TCA alleviated HFD-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish via direct activation of stk11/ampkα/nrf2 and gut microbiota-mediated activation of gsk3β/nrf2 pathways.