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<p>Triploids, which typically experience sterility due to meiotic abnormalities, are widely preferred in the farming of Pacific oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>) for their rapid growth and reduced gonadal development. However, previous studies have shown that triploid oysters can produce functional gametes, raising concerns about their potential genetic impact on wild diploid populations and their broader evolutionary effects. This study uses multi-generational hybridization experiments to investigate the reproductive potential, genetic stability, and evolutionary implications of triploid <i>C. gigas</i>. Employing a diallel cross design (DD: diploid♀ × diploid♂; TD: triploid♀ × diploid♂; DT: diploid♀ × triploid♂; TT: triploid♀ × triploid♂), we analyzed the reproductive capacity, ploidy stability, and survival of their progeny. Results revealed that triploid reproductive potential was only 0.050% of that of diploids. Hybrid crosses (TD, DT) exhibited lower fertilization, hatching, and larval survival rates than diploid controls. Chromosomal analysis revealed widespread aneuploidy in hybrid progeny, with TD and DT groups initially dominated by 2.5n larvae, which later stabilized into 2n and 3n populations. Adult progeny showed even higher aneuploidy rates (up to 83% in TT groups), with aneuploid individuals primarily exhibiting chromosome counts of 21, 22, 28, and 29. Growth and survival of these aneuploid progeny were consistently lower than diploids. Fertile diploid-level aneuploids (2n + 1, 2n + 2) passed chromosomal abnormalities to subsequent generations at low frequencies. Interestingly, triploid × diploid crosses sometimes produced tetraploids, highlighting the unpredictable nature of meiotic errors. While triploid oysters have low reproductive potential, their ability to produce aneuploid and tetraploid offspring poses ecological risks, including potential genetic contamination of wild populations. These findings provide critical insights into reproductive potential and genetic implications of triploid oysters, emphasizing targeted management in triploid oyster aquaculture through genetic monitoring and spatial isolation to prevent genetic contamination while sustaining productivity and biodiversity. This study offers valuable guidance for sustainable aquaculture practices.</p>

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Reproductive capacity and hereditary impact of triploid Crassostrea gigas and its aneuploid progeny

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Xianchao Bai,
  • Hong Hu,
  • Chengxun Xu,
  • Lingfeng Kong,
  • Hong Yu,
  • Shikai Liu,
  • Haijun Liu,
  • Shaojun Du,
  • Qi Li

摘要

Triploids, which typically experience sterility due to meiotic abnormalities, are widely preferred in the farming of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) for their rapid growth and reduced gonadal development. However, previous studies have shown that triploid oysters can produce functional gametes, raising concerns about their potential genetic impact on wild diploid populations and their broader evolutionary effects. This study uses multi-generational hybridization experiments to investigate the reproductive potential, genetic stability, and evolutionary implications of triploid C. gigas. Employing a diallel cross design (DD: diploid♀ × diploid♂; TD: triploid♀ × diploid♂; DT: diploid♀ × triploid♂; TT: triploid♀ × triploid♂), we analyzed the reproductive capacity, ploidy stability, and survival of their progeny. Results revealed that triploid reproductive potential was only 0.050% of that of diploids. Hybrid crosses (TD, DT) exhibited lower fertilization, hatching, and larval survival rates than diploid controls. Chromosomal analysis revealed widespread aneuploidy in hybrid progeny, with TD and DT groups initially dominated by 2.5n larvae, which later stabilized into 2n and 3n populations. Adult progeny showed even higher aneuploidy rates (up to 83% in TT groups), with aneuploid individuals primarily exhibiting chromosome counts of 21, 22, 28, and 29. Growth and survival of these aneuploid progeny were consistently lower than diploids. Fertile diploid-level aneuploids (2n + 1, 2n + 2) passed chromosomal abnormalities to subsequent generations at low frequencies. Interestingly, triploid × diploid crosses sometimes produced tetraploids, highlighting the unpredictable nature of meiotic errors. While triploid oysters have low reproductive potential, their ability to produce aneuploid and tetraploid offspring poses ecological risks, including potential genetic contamination of wild populations. These findings provide critical insights into reproductive potential and genetic implications of triploid oysters, emphasizing targeted management in triploid oyster aquaculture through genetic monitoring and spatial isolation to prevent genetic contamination while sustaining productivity and biodiversity. This study offers valuable guidance for sustainable aquaculture practices.