<p>Vocal repertoires of wild-living cub and adult cheetahs (<i>Acinonyx jubatus</i>) in Kenya were described for the first time. Previously, cheetah vocal repertoire was only described in captivity. Acoustic parameters and contexts of production of 12 call types (7 tonal and 5 non-tonal) were investigated in adults older 4&#xa0;years and cubs under 6&#xa0;months of age. We demonstrated in the wild cheetahs the same basic set of 8 call types which was found previously in captive cheetahs and compared acoustic variables and behavioural contexts in the wild and in captivity. In addition, we described 4 call types that occurred in nature in the contexts which were either rare or did not occur in captivity. Along ontogeny from cubs to adults the fundamental and peak frequencies of 7 tonal call types decreased, duration of 7 tonal and 3 non-tonal call types either did not change or increased. Pulse rate of <i>chirrs</i>, <i>growls</i> and <i>purrs</i> did not change with age. Structure of calls in adult cheetahs slightly differed between males and females. Only in 3 high-frequency tonal call types (<i>chirp</i>, <i>meow</i> and <i>squeal</i>), fundamental and peak frequencies of males were lower than in females. Call duration did not differ between sexes in all call types. A distinctive trait of cheetah vocalizations in comparison with other species of felids is an unusually high fundamental frequency of some tonal call types in both cubs and adults.</p>