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<p>Habitat loss and fragmentation can result in population bottlenecks, genetic differentiation, and loss of genetic diversity, which can contribute to local extinctions. White-lipped peccaries (WLPs, <i>Tayassu pecari</i>) are critically endangered in the Atlantic Forest due to hunting pressure and habitat loss and fragmentation. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic status of a population of WLPs, currently considered locally extinct, in a highly fragmented landscape on the plateau region of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, due to anthropogenic activities. We genotyped 49 blood samples collected from three remnant forest fragments (subpopulations: Morro do Diabo State Park—MDSP, Fazenda Ponte Branca—FPB, and Fazenda Santa Mônica—FSM) just before the local extinction, using 11 microsatellites. The genetic diversity indices were similar in the three subpopulations and comparable to those of well-preserved populations. As expected for fragmented populations, we found evidence of bottlenecks in all three subpopulations. The subpopulations were structured into two genetic clusters (MDSP + FPB and FSM) with admixed individuals, and significant genetic differentiation observed between MDSP and FSM. However, the evidence of genetic differentiation over a small spatial scale observed here is unusual for the species in well-preserved areas. Coupled with the evidence of bottlenecks, this may indicate that&#xa0;anthropized landscapes play a role in reducing population size and promoting genetic differentiation in WLP populations. It is essential to delineate conservation actions for populations in similar conditions to reduce the chances of local extinction in other regions.</p>

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Evidence of bottleneck and genetic differentiation in a key ungulate population on the plateau region of the fragmented Atlantic Forest of Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月7日

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  • Anna Carolina Russo Martin Mazará,
  • Fernanda de Góes Maciel,
  • Alessandra Ferreira Dales Nava,
  • Marcello Schiavo Nardi,
  • Cibele Biondo

摘要

Habitat loss and fragmentation can result in population bottlenecks, genetic differentiation, and loss of genetic diversity, which can contribute to local extinctions. White-lipped peccaries (WLPs, Tayassu pecari) are critically endangered in the Atlantic Forest due to hunting pressure and habitat loss and fragmentation. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic status of a population of WLPs, currently considered locally extinct, in a highly fragmented landscape on the plateau region of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, due to anthropogenic activities. We genotyped 49 blood samples collected from three remnant forest fragments (subpopulations: Morro do Diabo State Park—MDSP, Fazenda Ponte Branca—FPB, and Fazenda Santa Mônica—FSM) just before the local extinction, using 11 microsatellites. The genetic diversity indices were similar in the three subpopulations and comparable to those of well-preserved populations. As expected for fragmented populations, we found evidence of bottlenecks in all three subpopulations. The subpopulations were structured into two genetic clusters (MDSP + FPB and FSM) with admixed individuals, and significant genetic differentiation observed between MDSP and FSM. However, the evidence of genetic differentiation over a small spatial scale observed here is unusual for the species in well-preserved areas. Coupled with the evidence of bottlenecks, this may indicate that anthropized landscapes play a role in reducing population size and promoting genetic differentiation in WLP populations. It is essential to delineate conservation actions for populations in similar conditions to reduce the chances of local extinction in other regions.