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<p>Sulfur isotopes provide critical constraints on the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids in porphyry copper systems. We present new δ³⁴S data for pyrite and chalcopyrite from quartz–sulfide veins at the Chah-Firozeh porphyry Cu deposit, located in the Kerman Cenozoic Magmatic Arc (KCMA), southeastern Iran. Sulfide δ³⁴S values range from − 2.1 to + 1.2‰ (V-CDT), defining a narrow isotopic window consistent with a dominantly magmatic sulfur source. No systematic isotopic fractionation is observed between early (A-type), main (B-type), and late (D-type) mineralization stages, indicating isotopically homogeneous hydrothermal fluids throughout ore formation. Integration of sulfur isotope systematics with petrography, alteration zonation, and regional tectono-magmatic evolution suggests sulfur derivation from oxidized, mantle-influenced, high-K calc-alkaline to adakitic magmas generated during Miocene post-collisional extension in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt. Minor negative excursions likely reflect limited fluid–rock interaction and redox-driven fractionation during boiling and phase separation rather than crustal sulfur assimilation. Comparison with other deposits of the Kerman belt and global porphyry systems (e.g., Sarcheshmeh, Butte, El Salvador) demonstrates remarkable isotopic coherence within the magmatic range (− 5 to + 5‰), supporting a regionally consistent mantle-dominated sulfur reservoir. These results reinforce metallogenic models in which post-collisional magmatic differentiation and volatile exsolution govern porphyry fertility in thickened continental arcs.</p>

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Sulfur isotope composition of sulfides from the Chah-Firozeh porphyry Cu deposit, Iran: implications for magmatic sulfur sources

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Johar Ali,
  • Sina Asadi,
  • Muhammad Saleem Mughal,
  • George Kontakiotis,
  • Assimina Antonarakou

摘要

Sulfur isotopes provide critical constraints on the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids in porphyry copper systems. We present new δ³⁴S data for pyrite and chalcopyrite from quartz–sulfide veins at the Chah-Firozeh porphyry Cu deposit, located in the Kerman Cenozoic Magmatic Arc (KCMA), southeastern Iran. Sulfide δ³⁴S values range from − 2.1 to + 1.2‰ (V-CDT), defining a narrow isotopic window consistent with a dominantly magmatic sulfur source. No systematic isotopic fractionation is observed between early (A-type), main (B-type), and late (D-type) mineralization stages, indicating isotopically homogeneous hydrothermal fluids throughout ore formation. Integration of sulfur isotope systematics with petrography, alteration zonation, and regional tectono-magmatic evolution suggests sulfur derivation from oxidized, mantle-influenced, high-K calc-alkaline to adakitic magmas generated during Miocene post-collisional extension in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic belt. Minor negative excursions likely reflect limited fluid–rock interaction and redox-driven fractionation during boiling and phase separation rather than crustal sulfur assimilation. Comparison with other deposits of the Kerman belt and global porphyry systems (e.g., Sarcheshmeh, Butte, El Salvador) demonstrates remarkable isotopic coherence within the magmatic range (− 5 to + 5‰), supporting a regionally consistent mantle-dominated sulfur reservoir. These results reinforce metallogenic models in which post-collisional magmatic differentiation and volatile exsolution govern porphyry fertility in thickened continental arcs.