<p>Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were used to investigate the structure and hydrothermal alteration zones for mineral exploration in the Precambrian basement of the Bou Azzer-El Graara inlier in the Moroccan Central Anti-Atlas. This area is recognized as a Pan-African suture zone, featuring a complex accretionary mélange of various arc-related terranes and dismembered supracrustal ophiolites that host economically significant mineralizations. This domain, situated in an arid region, presents a classic opportunity to utilize satellite remote sensing imagery analysis to identify lineaments and alteration zones that may indicate the presence of significant metal resources. To enhance the existing structural mapping of the Bou Azzer-El Graara area, key lineaments were extracted from ASTER data and compared with previously mapped structures. The NE-SW and EW-trending fault families identified in the study area are consistent with traditional tectonic studies, reinforcing the relationship between these structural features and the observed mineralization patterns (e.g., Co, Au, and Cu). Additionally, the survey identified new faults requiring further verification, which may provide a deeper understanding of the area’s complex geology. The highlighted lineaments correspond to known faults that experienced long-term reactivation during the Pan-African, Variscan, and Alpine-Atlas events. Overall, the extraction and analysis of these lineaments are critical for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones and provide important assistance in guiding future mineral exploration by identifying new potential. We also employed surface reflectance data from ASTER images to map hydrothermal alteration zones. Band ratios were used to generate image maps of iron oxide minerals, hydroxyl-bearing minerals, sulfates, and carbonates associated with hydrothermal alteration assemblages. Combined with available geochemical data, this study revealed that cobalt anomalies are associated with carbonate-chlorite-epidote alteration; gold anomalies are related to alunite-kaolinite-pyrophyllite alteration, and locally with sericite-muscovite-illite–smectite assemblages. Chromium anomalies are related to carbonate-chlorite-epidote and sericite-muscovite-illite–smectite alteration, and high nickel concentrations are associated with carbonate-chlorite-epidote and sericite-muscovite-illite–smectite alterations.</p>