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<p>Groundwater in Morocco's semi-arid Feija aquifer, vital for regional sustainability, faces increasing pressure from intensive agriculture and climate change. This study assessed the evolution of groundwater quality from 2014 to 2022 using physicochemical data from 15 wells across six zones, employing both descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses. Results revealed a dual trend: significant improvements occurred with mean nitrate (NO₃⁻) concentrations decreasing from 22.10 to 12.23&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup> and mean Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) improving from 10.52 to 4.20, indicating reduced nutrient pollution and sodium hazard. However, these positive developments were overshadowed by a concerning increase in overall salinization. Mean electrical conductivity (EC) rose from 1,234.00 to 1,429.23 µS cm⁻<sup>1</sup>, and total dissolved solids (TDS) from 789.76 to 914.68&#xa0;mg L⁻<sup>1</sup>, accompanied by statistically significant increases in chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and total hardness. Multivariate analyses underscored mineralization as the dominant factor influencing quality and highlighted spatial heterogeneity. This study concludes that, while some aspects of water quality have improved, the Feija aquifer is under considerable threat from progressive salinization. This necessitates the urgent implementation of targeted monitoring programs and integrated water resource management strategies to ensure the long-term viability of this critical resource.</p>

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Spatiotemporal assessment of groundwater quality in the Feija aquifer, southern Morocco: impacts of agricultural practices and climate change

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月14日

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  • Rachid Amiha,
  • Belkacem Kabbachi,
  • Mohamed Ait Haddou,
  • Youssef Bouchriti

摘要

Groundwater in Morocco's semi-arid Feija aquifer, vital for regional sustainability, faces increasing pressure from intensive agriculture and climate change. This study assessed the evolution of groundwater quality from 2014 to 2022 using physicochemical data from 15 wells across six zones, employing both descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses. Results revealed a dual trend: significant improvements occurred with mean nitrate (NO₃⁻) concentrations decreasing from 22.10 to 12.23 mg L⁻1 and mean Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) improving from 10.52 to 4.20, indicating reduced nutrient pollution and sodium hazard. However, these positive developments were overshadowed by a concerning increase in overall salinization. Mean electrical conductivity (EC) rose from 1,234.00 to 1,429.23 µS cm⁻1, and total dissolved solids (TDS) from 789.76 to 914.68 mg L⁻1, accompanied by statistically significant increases in chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and total hardness. Multivariate analyses underscored mineralization as the dominant factor influencing quality and highlighted spatial heterogeneity. This study concludes that, while some aspects of water quality have improved, the Feija aquifer is under considerable threat from progressive salinization. This necessitates the urgent implementation of targeted monitoring programs and integrated water resource management strategies to ensure the long-term viability of this critical resource.