<p>Alexandria, Egypt, faces significant coastal vulnerability primarily due to land subsidence, which far outweighs the impact of eustatic sea-level rise. While recent proposals advocate for nature-based solutions (NBS) to enhance coastal resilience, these approaches are insufficient to address the underlying geological and hydrological processes driving subsidence, such as groundwater extraction and sediment compaction under infrastructure loading. This paper argues that a comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy is urgently required. This strategy must include hard engineering measures (e.g., seawalls, dikes) for immediate protection, aggressive groundwater management (including strict regulation, alternative water sources, and potentially managed aquifer recharge), and sustainable urban planning with revised building codes to minimize load-induced subsidence. Effective policy implementation through integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), inter-agency coordination, public awareness campaigns, and dedicated financial resources is crucial. Furthermore, accurate communication of the dominant role of subsidence, supported by data from tide gages and GPS monitoring, is essential to counter misinformation and ensure that mitigation efforts are based on sound scientific understanding. Ultimately, the case of Alexandria highlights the critical need to prioritize subsidence mitigation in deltaic coastal management.</p>

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Prioritizing subsidence mitigation in Alexandria, Egypt: a multi-pronged approach beyond nature-based solutions

  • Alberto Boretti

摘要

Alexandria, Egypt, faces significant coastal vulnerability primarily due to land subsidence, which far outweighs the impact of eustatic sea-level rise. While recent proposals advocate for nature-based solutions (NBS) to enhance coastal resilience, these approaches are insufficient to address the underlying geological and hydrological processes driving subsidence, such as groundwater extraction and sediment compaction under infrastructure loading. This paper argues that a comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy is urgently required. This strategy must include hard engineering measures (e.g., seawalls, dikes) for immediate protection, aggressive groundwater management (including strict regulation, alternative water sources, and potentially managed aquifer recharge), and sustainable urban planning with revised building codes to minimize load-induced subsidence. Effective policy implementation through integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), inter-agency coordination, public awareness campaigns, and dedicated financial resources is crucial. Furthermore, accurate communication of the dominant role of subsidence, supported by data from tide gages and GPS monitoring, is essential to counter misinformation and ensure that mitigation efforts are based on sound scientific understanding. Ultimately, the case of Alexandria highlights the critical need to prioritize subsidence mitigation in deltaic coastal management.