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<p>The Quantum Internet represents a next-generation communication paradigm that leverages quantum mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition to enable fundamentally secure and efficient data transmission. This review systematically examines recent advances in quantum networking, encompassing communication protocols, enabling technologies, experimental demonstrations, deployment frameworks, and emerging research directions. It examines core concepts such as quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, and entanglement-based communication, along with their practical relevance. Critical challenges, including decoherence, scalability, and integration with classical networks, are analyzed with emphasis on current limitations and possible solutions. The paper further explores emerging applications such as secure communication, distributed quantum computing, and quantum-enabled cloud systems. By synthesizing existing research, this study highlights the gap between theoretical developments and real-world deployment, and outlines future research directions required for building scalable and practical quantum network infrastructures.</p>

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Advancing the Quantum Internet and the Evolution of Network Technology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Moushumi Barman,
  • Gypsy Nandi

摘要

The Quantum Internet represents a next-generation communication paradigm that leverages quantum mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition to enable fundamentally secure and efficient data transmission. This review systematically examines recent advances in quantum networking, encompassing communication protocols, enabling technologies, experimental demonstrations, deployment frameworks, and emerging research directions. It examines core concepts such as quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, and entanglement-based communication, along with their practical relevance. Critical challenges, including decoherence, scalability, and integration with classical networks, are analyzed with emphasis on current limitations and possible solutions. The paper further explores emerging applications such as secure communication, distributed quantum computing, and quantum-enabled cloud systems. By synthesizing existing research, this study highlights the gap between theoretical developments and real-world deployment, and outlines future research directions required for building scalable and practical quantum network infrastructures.