<p>Early detection of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a major biomedical challenge, particularly in the early stages where symptoms are subtle and similar to those of healthy individuals. In this study, we propose a sequence-based classification framework using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRUs) to exploit the temporal dynamics of handwriting signals for PD identification. The proposed architecture processes both raw and derived feature sequences, followed by dense layers for final classification. Experiments conducted on the NewHandPD dataset demonstrate strong performance, achieving an overall accuracy above 94% and a precision of approximately 95% across multiple handwriting tasks. Furthermore, statistical validation using the Friedman and Nemenyi tests confirms that the proposed method significantly outperforms benchmark approaches. These findings highlight the effectiveness of sequence-based deep learning models for early PD detection through dynamic handwriting analysis.</p>

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Dynamic Handwriting Analysis Using Sequence-Based on BiGRUs for Parkinson’s Disease Identification

  • Houssam Moustansir,
  • Aissam Hadri,
  • Lekbir Afraites,
  • Soufiane Lyaqini

摘要

Early detection of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a major biomedical challenge, particularly in the early stages where symptoms are subtle and similar to those of healthy individuals. In this study, we propose a sequence-based classification framework using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRUs) to exploit the temporal dynamics of handwriting signals for PD identification. The proposed architecture processes both raw and derived feature sequences, followed by dense layers for final classification. Experiments conducted on the NewHandPD dataset demonstrate strong performance, achieving an overall accuracy above 94% and a precision of approximately 95% across multiple handwriting tasks. Furthermore, statistical validation using the Friedman and Nemenyi tests confirms that the proposed method significantly outperforms benchmark approaches. These findings highlight the effectiveness of sequence-based deep learning models for early PD detection through dynamic handwriting analysis.