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<p>Problem-solving is among the most important aspects of learning and thinking. Ill-structured problems (ISPs) are real-world problems with multiple solutions. Since education focuses on applying knowledge learned at school to real-world problems, the importance of learning ISP is paramount. ISPs are encountered in everyday life and are context-specific. Solving them is not confined to content-specific knowledge, leading to divergent and unpredictable solutions. Students require appropriate support while solving these ISPs. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature to map the different types of scaffolds used to support ISP solving over 22&#xa0;years, from 2000–2022. Moreover, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the effects of both one-on-one and computer-based scaffolding on solving ISPs.</p>

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A Narrative Review on Scaffolding to Support Ill-Structured Problem Solving from 2000–2022

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • K. Sajani

摘要

Problem-solving is among the most important aspects of learning and thinking. Ill-structured problems (ISPs) are real-world problems with multiple solutions. Since education focuses on applying knowledge learned at school to real-world problems, the importance of learning ISP is paramount. ISPs are encountered in everyday life and are context-specific. Solving them is not confined to content-specific knowledge, leading to divergent and unpredictable solutions. Students require appropriate support while solving these ISPs. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature to map the different types of scaffolds used to support ISP solving over 22 years, from 2000–2022. Moreover, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the effects of both one-on-one and computer-based scaffolding on solving ISPs.