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<p>The advent of fault-tolerant quantum computing threatens classical public-key cryptography and weakens symmetric schemes.This work presents a hardware-accelerated, post-quantum encryption system that combines entanglement-based Quantum Key Distribution (E91) with a Lorenz-chaos stream cipher, implemented as a custom IP core on a Xilinx Zynq FPGA. QKD-derived keys dynamically perturb the Lorenz map on each clock cycle, generating a high-entropy keystream that XORs directly with RGB image pixels at the physical layer-before reaching memory or software; thus minimizing side-channel exposure. Tested on 512 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 512 images, the system is capable of delivering real-time performance with an expected throughput of 100 MB/s at <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>100 MHz with a time complexity of <i>O</i>(<i>N</i>), and strong security metrics: entropy <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>7.999 bits/px, NPCR <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>99.6%, UACI <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>31%, and minimal pixel correlation. Continuous chaotic reseeding with quantum randomness enhances resistance to brute-force attacks. The efficient resource and power consumption makes the system well adaptable to any prior FPGA based QKD derived key distillation, error correction and reconciliation. The system’s ability to generate random numbers even under periodic perturbation was also tested. The modular FPGA architecture supports scaling to higher resolutions and diverse data streams, offering a practical path toward quantum-secure, physical-layer encryption for future high-speed networks.</p>

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Quantum-Enhanced Chaotic Encryption on FPGA: A Path to Physical-Layer Post-Quantum Security

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Hasibur Rahman,
  • Parthiv Debnath,
  • Md. Nafis Jawad,
  • Raiyan Rahman,
  • M. R. C. Mahdy

摘要

The advent of fault-tolerant quantum computing threatens classical public-key cryptography and weakens symmetric schemes.This work presents a hardware-accelerated, post-quantum encryption system that combines entanglement-based Quantum Key Distribution (E91) with a Lorenz-chaos stream cipher, implemented as a custom IP core on a Xilinx Zynq FPGA. QKD-derived keys dynamically perturb the Lorenz map on each clock cycle, generating a high-entropy keystream that XORs directly with RGB image pixels at the physical layer-before reaching memory or software; thus minimizing side-channel exposure. Tested on 512 \(\times \) 512 images, the system is capable of delivering real-time performance with an expected throughput of 100 MB/s at \(\sim \) 100 MHz with a time complexity of O(N), and strong security metrics: entropy \(\sim \) 7.999 bits/px, NPCR \(\sim \) 99.6%, UACI \(\sim \) 31%, and minimal pixel correlation. Continuous chaotic reseeding with quantum randomness enhances resistance to brute-force attacks. The efficient resource and power consumption makes the system well adaptable to any prior FPGA based QKD derived key distillation, error correction and reconciliation. The system’s ability to generate random numbers even under periodic perturbation was also tested. The modular FPGA architecture supports scaling to higher resolutions and diverse data streams, offering a practical path toward quantum-secure, physical-layer encryption for future high-speed networks.