<p>Blockchain technology (BT) offers a paradigm shift in health information management, alleviating key data protection and interoperability and empowering consumer concerns. Using cryptographic techniques and decentralized structural paradigms, blockchain provides a powerful solution to long-standing systemic inefficiencies in electronic health record (EHR) ecosystems, such as susceptibility to data breaches and poor control over patient-focused data information. Empirical case studies, including MedRec, MediLedger, and Estonia’s national eHealth implementation, demonstrate blockchain’s potential to revolutionize healthcare information governance by providing secure, regulated data access mechanisms while simultaneously reducing administrative overhead and ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory frameworks such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation), and emerging data protection legislation. Applications of the technology’s benefits go far beyond administrative efficiency, including areas of key importance such as pharmaceutical supply chain management, where the traceability embedded in blockchain can help address the risk of drug counterfeiting and create transparency. However, widespread blockchain adoption in healthcare confronts substantive implementation challenges, including scalability limitations, complex regulatory compliance requirements, and intricate integration with existing technological infrastructure. Emerging approaches, including permissioned blockchain models, smart contract implementations, and decentralized identity management frameworks, are being explored to mitigate these systemic limitations. While preliminary studies suggest increasing the use of blockchain for clinical applications in clinical trial management, patient consent processes, and insurance claims validation, this area remains in its infancy. Governmental and institutional society is actively investigating the combination of blockchain and other technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, to improve predictive health analytics and real-time patient monitoring functionalities. Despite ongoing implementation issues, Blockchain technology (BT) shows great potential to change healthcare data management unprecedentedly, supporting increased security, operational effectiveness, and patient-centered information governance. Future research directions should focus on scalable optimization studies, standardizing protocols for international health data sharing, and broadly addressing the multifaceted ethical issues related to patient confidentiality and consent management in decentralized health information ecosystems.</p>