<p>Distributed uniform Fault Detection (FD) and control techniques are presented for improving protection in Hybrid Micro Grids (HMG). In this regard, methods for FD and controller development are proposed. This work aims to address the Power Quality (PQ) and stability challenges of HMG. This paper presents a protection algorithm for FD. It also introduces a Proportional-Integral (PI)-tuned optimized controller using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the optimal controller. Optimizing the PI values on the controller is fundamental to ensuring optimal performance of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in an HMG system that combines AC and DC sub-grids. The shunt and series converters' Proportional gain (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42979_2025_3754_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$K_{p}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and Integral gain (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42979_2025_3754_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$K_{i}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) values are adjusted to fulfill the specified objective The proposed HMG technique considerably mitigates the voltage and current fluctuations. The proposed control strategy augments the reliability of the HMG by diminishing the overall harmonics and increasing the power factor (PF). This also ensures that the DC-Link capacitor’s constant voltage is maintained quickly during voltage changes. The integrated AC/DC protection system provides better performance and faster FD than individual systems. The performance of the PSO-based PI controller (PSOPI-C) is demonstrated by the overall reduction in distortion when tested with a variety of loads and supply voltages. Thus, as per the experiential outcomes, the proposed system had a voltage sag of 21%. This validates the efficacy of the suggested control technique.</p>

Enhancing Reliability and Resilience in AC/DC Hybrid Microgrids: A Unified Fault Detection and Control Approach with Optimized-Tuned PI Controller for UPQC

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年3月3日

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Banothu Somanna,
Sushma Gupta

摘要

Distributed uniform Fault Detection (FD) and control techniques are presented for improving protection in Hybrid Micro Grids (HMG). In this regard, methods for FD and controller development are proposed. This work aims to address the Power Quality (PQ) and stability challenges of HMG. This paper presents a protection algorithm for FD. It also introduces a Proportional-Integral (PI)-tuned optimized controller using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the optimal controller. Optimizing the PI values on the controller is fundamental to ensuring optimal performance of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in an HMG system that combines AC and DC sub-grids. The shunt and series converters' Proportional gain ( $K_{p}$ $K_{p}$ ) and Integral gain ( $K_{i}$ $K_{i}$ ) values are adjusted to fulfill the specified objective The proposed HMG technique considerably mitigates the voltage and current fluctuations. The proposed control strategy augments the reliability of the HMG by diminishing the overall harmonics and increasing the power factor (PF). This also ensures that the DC-Link capacitor’s constant voltage is maintained quickly during voltage changes. The integrated AC/DC protection system provides better performance and faster FD than individual systems. The performance of the PSO-based PI controller (PSOPI-C) is demonstrated by the overall reduction in distortion when tested with a variety of loads and supply voltages. Thus, as per the experiential outcomes, the proposed system had a voltage sag of 21%. This validates the efficacy of the suggested control technique.