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<p>Internet-of-things (IoT) denotes a system where physical objects are equipped with software, sensors, and various technologies, allowing them to gather and share data via the Internet. These devices often collect and transmit sensitive data; if they are not adequately secured, they can become vulnerable to various security threats. Lightweight cryptography can be more productively employed in applications like RFID tags, sensors, and contactless smart cards when space, power consumption, and size are limited. This paper proposes a lightweight stream cipher using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cryptography with Grain-80 and a Linear feedback shift Register (LFSR) of 128 bits. These three elements offer the confusion and substitution characteristics that strengthen the cipher against all kinds of attacks and enable its usage in secure communication for IoT&#xa0;environments. The proposed approach demonstrates superior performance in both throughput and encryption/decryption time compared to other state-of-the-art methods within the same simulated environment. Our projected avalanche effect has an average value greater than the significant value of 50%. Additionally, it passes each of the 16 NIST tests, demonstrating the unpredictability of the keystream in the proposed work. This makes it suitable for&#xa0;secure communications on IoT.</p>

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Securing IoT Communications: A Novel Lightweight Stream Cipher Using DNA Cryptography and Grain-80 Cipher

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月22日

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  • Mohammad Ubaidullah Bokhari,
  • Shahnwaz Afzal,
  • Imran Khan,
  • Mohd Zain Khan

摘要

Internet-of-things (IoT) denotes a system where physical objects are equipped with software, sensors, and various technologies, allowing them to gather and share data via the Internet. These devices often collect and transmit sensitive data; if they are not adequately secured, they can become vulnerable to various security threats. Lightweight cryptography can be more productively employed in applications like RFID tags, sensors, and contactless smart cards when space, power consumption, and size are limited. This paper proposes a lightweight stream cipher using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cryptography with Grain-80 and a Linear feedback shift Register (LFSR) of 128 bits. These three elements offer the confusion and substitution characteristics that strengthen the cipher against all kinds of attacks and enable its usage in secure communication for IoT environments. The proposed approach demonstrates superior performance in both throughput and encryption/decryption time compared to other state-of-the-art methods within the same simulated environment. Our projected avalanche effect has an average value greater than the significant value of 50%. Additionally, it passes each of the 16 NIST tests, demonstrating the unpredictability of the keystream in the proposed work. This makes it suitable for secure communications on IoT.