Architecture and Applications of IoT Devices in Socially Relevant Fields

A multitude of IoT-enabled devices are continually being explored and introduced annually, fostering robust competition among researchers and businesses seeking to leverage the IoT landscape, given the substantial market potential of these devices. The selection of IoT architectures, communication protocols, and components is contingent upon the task’s nature and the data sensitivity the device manages, and thus, evaluating their performance becomes crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive review of IoT-enabled devices, examining their architectures, communication protocols, and functionalities in socially significant domains such as healthcare, agriculture, firefighting, safety applications (including women’s/individual safety, emergency alerts, etc.), home surveillance, and mapping—areas significantly impacting the general public. A comprehensive literature survey has been conducted to understand the various IoT architectures and compare the suitability of the aforementioned corresponding applications.