An Improved 3D-DV-Hop Localization Algorithm to Improve Accuracy for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks

The process of acquiring location information is of utmost significance in the world of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs have a place of use in a wide variety of 3D settings, including but not limited to the depths of the ocean, mountainous landscapes, woodlands, and even the sky. Because of the complexities of three-dimensional environments, these 3D deployments need to make use of sophisticated localization methods. This results in an increase in the computing complexity of the process. It is vital to note that immediately extending 2D localization techniques to handle 3D circumstances is not practicable. This is something that should be kept in mind. WSNs have seen substantial improvements in both their accuracy and their ability to be used in real-world settings with the advent of three-dimensional localization techniques. Conventional localization methods focus exclusively on two-dimensional planes. As a direct result of this, the need for algorithms that can localize in three dimensions has skyrocketed. Both range-based and range-free localization approaches are commonplace in this sector of the computer science industry that deals with three-dimensional positioning. However, the currently available 3D localization algorithms have a number of drawbacks, the most notable of which are their increased complexity, reduced positional precision, and significant energy consumption. In this research, an improved version of a 3D localization method known as "3D-DV-CD" is presented as a solution to the issues provided by the many current 3D localization algorithms. This innovative strategy aims to improve the positioning accuracy as well as coverage. Notably, it adds the idea of coplanarity degree (CD) into the traditional 3D-distance vector hop (3D-DV-Hop) localization technique. The positioning inaccuracies brought on by coplanar anchor nodes are reduced as a result of this action. Additionally, this technique promotes nodes that were unknown in the past to the position of helper anchor nodes, hence increasing placement coverage as the fraction of anchor nodes grows. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the approach that was presented is successful, confirming that it is precise in positioning and has the ability to extend positioning coverage.