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Purpose <p>This study investigated the acute (10&#xa0;min) and delayed (5&#xa0;h) effects of strength, plyometric, and control priming protocols on neuromuscular performance in youth soccer players.</p> Methods <p>Fifteen male soccer players (15.6 ± 0.6 years; BMI = 19.7 ± 1.9&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>) completed three randomized sessions: strength training (ST, 1 × 5 × 40% + 2 × 5 × 70% 1RM squat and hip thrust), plyometric training (PT, 3 × 5 hurdle jumps, 3 × 6 bounds), and control training (CT, 12&#xa0;min jogging/walking). Assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), repeated sprint ability (RSA, 6 × 20&#xa0;m), ball shot velocity (BSV), and vastus medialis stiffness via myotonometry at baseline, acute (AE), and delayed (DE) time points.</p> Results <p>In the ST, CMJ height declined at AE (34.45 ± 4.62 vs. 32.84 ± 4.69&#xa0;cm) but significantly improved to DE (35.74 ± 5.02&#xa0;cm; <i>d</i> = 0.59) compared to baseline (34.45 ± 4.62&#xa0;cm). No significant CMJ height changes occurred in the PT or CT. CMJ maximal force significantly increased in the PT from AE (1130.4 ± 155.0&#xa0;N) to DE (1221.7 ± 203.4&#xa0;N) and also exceeded baseline (1184.8 ± 180&#xa0;N; <i>d</i> = 0.17). RSA increased across all protocols acutely, but only the CT showed significant improvement from AE (3.46 ± 0.15&#xa0;s) to DE (3.32 ± 0.15&#xa0;s; <i>d</i> = 0.89) and from baseline (3.39 ± 0.13&#xa0;s; <i>d</i> = 0.44) to DE. Neither BSV nor stiffness changed significantly.</p> Conclusion <p>Strength priming may enhance jump performance after sufficient recovery, while inconsistent effects on sprinting and shooting highlight the need for individualized strategies in youth soccer.</p>

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Acute and Delayed Effects of Strength and Plyometric Activation Exercises on Jumping, Sprinting, Ball Shot Velocity and Muscle Stiffness in Youth Soccer Players

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Dominik Kolinger,
  • Miroslav Grobár,
  • Jakub Kokštejn,
  • Petr Šťastný

摘要

Purpose

This study investigated the acute (10 min) and delayed (5 h) effects of strength, plyometric, and control priming protocols on neuromuscular performance in youth soccer players.

Methods

Fifteen male soccer players (15.6 ± 0.6 years; BMI = 19.7 ± 1.9 kg/m2) completed three randomized sessions: strength training (ST, 1 × 5 × 40% + 2 × 5 × 70% 1RM squat and hip thrust), plyometric training (PT, 3 × 5 hurdle jumps, 3 × 6 bounds), and control training (CT, 12 min jogging/walking). Assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), repeated sprint ability (RSA, 6 × 20 m), ball shot velocity (BSV), and vastus medialis stiffness via myotonometry at baseline, acute (AE), and delayed (DE) time points.

Results

In the ST, CMJ height declined at AE (34.45 ± 4.62 vs. 32.84 ± 4.69 cm) but significantly improved to DE (35.74 ± 5.02 cm; d = 0.59) compared to baseline (34.45 ± 4.62 cm). No significant CMJ height changes occurred in the PT or CT. CMJ maximal force significantly increased in the PT from AE (1130.4 ± 155.0 N) to DE (1221.7 ± 203.4 N) and also exceeded baseline (1184.8 ± 180 N; d = 0.17). RSA increased across all protocols acutely, but only the CT showed significant improvement from AE (3.46 ± 0.15 s) to DE (3.32 ± 0.15 s; d = 0.89) and from baseline (3.39 ± 0.13 s; d = 0.44) to DE. Neither BSV nor stiffness changed significantly.

Conclusion

Strength priming may enhance jump performance after sufficient recovery, while inconsistent effects on sprinting and shooting highlight the need for individualized strategies in youth soccer.