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<p>Drought stress severely limits wheat productivity by disrupting photosynthesis, metabolism, and redox balance. The present study evaluated 99 synthetic-derived wheat genotypes under PEG-induced osmotic stress to elucidate physiological, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance. Significant genotypic variation was observed for most traits (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating broad adaptive potential. PEG stress markedly reduced chlorophyll pigments, total antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, esterase, and reducing sugars, reflecting impaired photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative balance. Conversely, increased protease, amylase, and amino acid contents revealed enhanced osmotic adjustment and metabolic reprogramming to sustain cellular function under stress. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) exhibited significant induction, confirming their central role in maintaining redox homeostasis. Genome-wide association analysis identified multiple marker–trait associations (MTAs) for stress-responsive traits across diverse chromosomes, for soluble sugar, phenolics, and enzymatic antioxidants. This study provides novel insights into the integrative regulation of physiological, biochemical and genomic responses to PEG-induced drought stress in wheat.</p>

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Integrative physiological, biochemical, and genome wide association analysis reveals drought tolerance in bread wheat under PEG-induced stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Maryam Liaqat,
  • Amjad Hameed,
  • Mian Abdur Rehman Arif

摘要

Drought stress severely limits wheat productivity by disrupting photosynthesis, metabolism, and redox balance. The present study evaluated 99 synthetic-derived wheat genotypes under PEG-induced osmotic stress to elucidate physiological, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance. Significant genotypic variation was observed for most traits (p < 0.001), indicating broad adaptive potential. PEG stress markedly reduced chlorophyll pigments, total antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, esterase, and reducing sugars, reflecting impaired photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative balance. Conversely, increased protease, amylase, and amino acid contents revealed enhanced osmotic adjustment and metabolic reprogramming to sustain cellular function under stress. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) exhibited significant induction, confirming their central role in maintaining redox homeostasis. Genome-wide association analysis identified multiple marker–trait associations (MTAs) for stress-responsive traits across diverse chromosomes, for soluble sugar, phenolics, and enzymatic antioxidants. This study provides novel insights into the integrative regulation of physiological, biochemical and genomic responses to PEG-induced drought stress in wheat.