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<p>Soil salinity significantly limits wheat productivity by impairing key processes such as photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study evaluated the effectiveness of foliar-applied chitosan selenium nanoparticles in improving wheat performance under saline conditions, using two contrasting cultivars: the salt-tolerant LU 26&#xa0;S and the salt-sensitive NIAB 6. Plants were treated with different concentrations of chitosan selenium nanoparticles (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L<sup>− 1</sup>). The optimal dosage was found to be 20 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> for LU 26&#xa0;S and 30 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> for NIAB 6. In LU 26&#xa0;S, 20 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> increased grain yield per pot from 25.99&#xa0;g to 29.10&#xa0;g, while in NIAB 6, 30 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> increased the yield from 20.67&#xa0;g to 25.10&#xa0;g. Foliar application enhanced several physiological parameters, including canopy persistence, biomass accumulation, and the remobilization of dry matter to the grains. In LU 26&#xa0;S, 20 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> increased transpiration rate by 35.60%, stomatal conductance by 16.19%, and net photosynthetic rate by 13.49%. In NIAB 6, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 18.39%. Additionally, chitosan selenium nanoparticles improved the ionic balance by reducing Na+ accumulation and increasing K<sup>+</sup> content, leading to a higher K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio. This enhanced ionic regulation contributed to improved salt tolerance. Antioxidant protection was notably strengthened, with the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increasing by 57.77%, 139.72%, and 199.27%, respectively, in LU 26&#xa0;S. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, declined by 26.1% in LU 26&#xa0;S and by 29.9% in NIAB 6. Moreover, grain protein content increased by 9.30% in LU 26&#xa0;S and 16.22% in NIAB 6. Overall, the application of chitosan selenium nanoparticles significantly improved wheat salt tolerance through integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular regulation, offering a promising strategy for enhancing wheat production in saline environments.</p>

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Chitosan selenium nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) strengthen photosynthesis, ion regulation, and antioxidant protection to improve wheat yield under salinity stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Ghulam Murtaza,
  • Oybek Mamarakhimov,
  • Izimkul Manasova,
  • Munisa Bekmukhamedova,
  • Lola Sanayeva,
  • Ilham Atadjanov,
  • Gulzebo Vaisova,
  • Sajad Ali,
  • Mohammed S. Alotaibi,
  • Lala Huseynova,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Soil salinity significantly limits wheat productivity by impairing key processes such as photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study evaluated the effectiveness of foliar-applied chitosan selenium nanoparticles in improving wheat performance under saline conditions, using two contrasting cultivars: the salt-tolerant LU 26 S and the salt-sensitive NIAB 6. Plants were treated with different concentrations of chitosan selenium nanoparticles (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L− 1). The optimal dosage was found to be 20 mg L− 1 for LU 26 S and 30 mg L− 1 for NIAB 6. In LU 26 S, 20 mg L− 1 increased grain yield per pot from 25.99 g to 29.10 g, while in NIAB 6, 30 mg L− 1 increased the yield from 20.67 g to 25.10 g. Foliar application enhanced several physiological parameters, including canopy persistence, biomass accumulation, and the remobilization of dry matter to the grains. In LU 26 S, 20 mg L− 1 increased transpiration rate by 35.60%, stomatal conductance by 16.19%, and net photosynthetic rate by 13.49%. In NIAB 6, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 18.39%. Additionally, chitosan selenium nanoparticles improved the ionic balance by reducing Na+ accumulation and increasing K+ content, leading to a higher K+/Na+ ratio. This enhanced ionic regulation contributed to improved salt tolerance. Antioxidant protection was notably strengthened, with the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increasing by 57.77%, 139.72%, and 199.27%, respectively, in LU 26 S. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, declined by 26.1% in LU 26 S and by 29.9% in NIAB 6. Moreover, grain protein content increased by 9.30% in LU 26 S and 16.22% in NIAB 6. Overall, the application of chitosan selenium nanoparticles significantly improved wheat salt tolerance through integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular regulation, offering a promising strategy for enhancing wheat production in saline environments.